評(píng)論
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INTERPRETATION TEST (Paper 0111) Part A
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part A with the first passage.
Passage 1 is about how the City of Toronto endeavors to successfully turn itself into a green city.
本篇選編自教材第七單元第一篇A Green City。值得重視的是至此，第七單元的所有四篇文章：A Green City，The Romanic Champagne， A Place to Stay，A Tour around the Cathedral都已在最近一年的中級(jí)口譯第二階段考試中出現(xiàn)。足見教材的價(jià)值。
Toronto是加拿大重點(diǎn)城市，其它還有Montreal，Ottawa，Vancouver等，重點(diǎn)是對(duì)它們的發(fā)音的掌握。由此，有必要提醒大家去熟悉世界其它重要國(guó)家及其重要城市的英文（重點(diǎn)在它們的發(fā)音），要多朗讀，多聽。
endeavor是政經(jīng)常用詞，此處是動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于try或attempt或seek，較正式，用在endeavor to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以譯成“致力于”，“努力”，“力圖”等。
Passage 1:
The City of Toronto is a mature municipality and has limited greenfield development potential. Unlike the cities surrounding us, the City of Toronto has also the added cost burden of having to begin replacing its infrastructure.
本段涉及較為復(fù)雜的句式以及較難的語(yǔ)匯。首先，第一句前半段談到“多倫多市是一個(gè)發(fā)展得很成熟的大城市”，聽到此處考生需要調(diào)用自己的背景知識(shí)：成熟的城市有什么特點(diǎn)？用這一語(yǔ)境來(lái)理解has limited greenfield development potential就比較容易得出（城市因?yàn)榘l(fā)展成熟，比較擁擠所以）“綠地開發(fā)潛力有限”之意，這是多倫多市面臨的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。第二句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為unlike A, B…，其中B…是主干結(jié)構(gòu)，A是與B的對(duì)比；而且本句中的also引導(dǎo)我們意識(shí)到該句所談的是多倫多所面對(duì)的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題。以上是句式分析以及語(yǔ)篇分析的結(jié)果，此兩種技巧與意識(shí)需要在閱讀中獲取。本段難，很大程度上在于兩句話之間不容易找到邏輯銜接與貫穿，這考驗(yàn)的是閱讀能力。應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)，閱讀理解能力是聽力理解能力的基礎(chǔ)，望重視。
語(yǔ)匯方面，greenfield，development potential，added cost burden of having to…，replacing infrastructure等詞/詞組在聽力中累加，這無(wú)疑給考生造成了極大的負(fù)擔(dān)。以“成熟的大城市”為理解背景，理解第二句中的having to replace its infrastructure就較容易：城市已經(jīng)很成熟了，說(shuō)明其歷史較長(zhǎng)，infrastructure年代較久遠(yuǎn)，所以需要replace。added cost burden中的added是針對(duì)greenfield development這第一個(gè)問(wèn)題而談的，因?yàn)檫@需要cost，而第二個(gè)問(wèn)題即replacing infrastructure也需要cost，因而cost就需要added了。
Most of the development in the municipalities around Toronto has occurred over the past 30 years. Therefore, their infrastructure is relatively new and was paid for by the development charges.
如果沒有第一段中的Unlike A, B…作為基礎(chǔ)，理解這一段就非常困難。其中B指的是多倫多，A與B情況相反，指的是多倫多周邊的城市，即本段的主題。我們從上段知道B（Toronto）因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)很成熟，所以發(fā)展的空間不大，且需更換infrastructure，經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)由此加重，那么就可推導(dǎo)出與之相反的A應(yīng)當(dāng)是infrastructure不老舊，經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)不重。事實(shí)上，infrastructure was paid for by the development charges講明infrastructure的費(fèi)用已由the development charges支付。the development charges為何意？infrastructure需要政府投入，那么the development charges必須是政府收入才能收支平衡，所以development此處不指“發(fā)展”，實(shí)為“開發(fā)”之意，再聯(lián)想國(guó)內(nèi)地方政府的土地財(cái)政，就知道這是從房產(chǎn)商手上收的費(fèi)用，即“開發(fā)費(fèi)用”。
One of the four visions in the City’s Strategic Plan is that Toronto is a clean, green and environmentally sustainable city. The City of Toronto has adopted an environmental plan to achieve its long-term goal.
本段相對(duì)容易。不過(guò)vision一詞本意應(yīng)為“幻想”，“遠(yuǎn)見”等，在此處既然是plan中的內(nèi)容，就可意譯為“目標(biāo)”或“愿景”。
此外，strategic一詞閱讀時(shí)遇到不難，但其發(fā)音考生要十分熟悉才可以，否則其就會(huì)成為聽力中的障礙。
The plan includes 66 specific recommendations which guide city policies. It was developed with suggestions from a wide range of community participants including citizens, students, academics, businesses people and civil servants.
本段難點(diǎn)在于內(nèi)容較多，考驗(yàn)筆錄的能力與短時(shí)記憶水平，這需要平時(shí)的不斷實(shí)踐。
(參考答案)
多倫多市是一個(gè)發(fā)展得很成熟的大城市，這樣就限制了這座城市發(fā)展綠地的潛力。不像其周圍城市，多倫多市面臨著城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重建問(wèn)題，這也給這座城市增加了沉重負(fù)擔(dān)
而多倫多市周邊的城市大都是在最近30年才發(fā)展起來(lái)的新城，因而它們的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施比較新，而且這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的費(fèi)用已在城市自身建設(shè) / 發(fā)展的過(guò)程中得到了解決。
多倫多市的《市發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃》發(fā)展目標(biāo)之一就是把多倫多市建設(shè)成為一座清潔、綠色、環(huán)境可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的城市。多倫多市制定了一項(xiàng)環(huán)保計(jì)劃，以確保這實(shí)現(xiàn)其長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。
這項(xiàng)環(huán)保計(jì)劃包含旨在引導(dǎo)城市政策的66條細(xì)則。社會(huì)各界為其獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策 / 各方人士群策群力，共同參與了該計(jì)劃的制定，他們中有市民、學(xué)生、學(xué)者、商人和市政府公務(wù)員。
Passage 2 tells us how to live well in the present moment so as to set our mind at peace.
set one’s mind at peace意為“使心境平和/安寧”。
Passage 2:
To some extent, our peace of mind is determined by how we are able to live in the present moment. No matter what happened yesterday, and what may happen tomorrow, remember we are living at the present moment.
第一句話的結(jié)構(gòu)為A is determined by B，即“A由B決定”或“A取決于B”，與之相近的句式還有A depends/relies on B或A lies in B。
注意第二句中的三個(gè)連帶的詞：yesterday，tomorrow與present。它們是時(shí)間的三個(gè)階段，顯然，present是關(guān)鍵。筆者由這三個(gè)詞想到一段英文：The clock is running. Make the most of today. Time waits for no man. Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. That's why it is called the present. 其中的劃線部分曾在《功夫熊貓I》中被Master Wugui引用。
It goes without saying that many of us always spend much of our lives worrying about a variety of things. We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments.
It goes without saying that…句式意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/不用說(shuō)，…”，相當(dāng)于Needless to say, …或Doubtlessly, …等句式。a variety of極為常用，可替換為various kinds of或a wide range of。
concerns在口譯考試中出現(xiàn)頻繁，此處為名詞，意為“關(guān)心/關(guān)切的事情”，與此含義相應(yīng)的常用短語(yǔ)be concerned about相當(dāng)于be worried about。此外，concern作為動(dòng)詞還有“涉及；與…相關(guān)”之意，常用詞組是be concerned with，相當(dāng)于be related/linked to，be connected/associated with，have something to do等結(jié)構(gòu)；與此義相關(guān)的介詞形式concerning相當(dāng)于about，意為“關(guān)于”，較為正式；與此義相關(guān)的過(guò)去分詞形式concerned相當(dāng)于involved，意為“相關(guān)的/有關(guān)的”，需放在中心名詞后做修飾語(yǔ)，如the government/person concerned/involved（有關(guān)部門/人員）。
That’s why we end up anxious, depressed and hopeless. On the other hand, we also postpone our happiness, and often convince ourselves that “someday” will be better than today.
本段注意on the other hand這一轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志的結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明兩句話為相反含義。
end up意為“達(dá)到某狀態(tài)或采取某行動(dòng)（尤指經(jīng)過(guò)一番周折）”，例如：If you continue to steal you’ll end up in prison (你要是繼續(xù)行竊的話終歸得進(jìn)監(jiān)獄)，At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (最初他拒不承認(rèn)有任何責(zé)任，到頭來(lái)還是道了歉)。再如肯尼迪就職演說(shuō)中有這樣一句：…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside (愚蠢得要騎在虎背上以壯聲勢(shì)的人，終必葬身虎口)。
