英漢翻譯基本原理第五講：有哪些常用的翻譯技巧？（續）

　　（二）合句法：

　　【例124】 Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset.

　　【譯文】 將近傍晚，法軍的攻勢逐漸松懈，或許因為它們除了英國人之外還有別的交戰敵人，或許正在準備發動最后的一次總攻擊。

　　【例125】 The remembrance rankles still in the bosoms of millions of the countrymen. They pant for an opportunity of revenging that humiliation.

　　【譯文】 千百萬同胞們至今回想起此事依然覺得懊喪，恨不得有機會趕快報仇雪恥。

　　【例126】 The coup d'etat of Thermidor was staged on July 27, 1704. Robespierre and his supporters were overthrown and the Committee of Public Safety was ended.

　　【譯文】 1794年7月27日的熱月政變推翻了羅伯斯庇爾及其支持者，公安委員會也隨之倒臺。

　　三、被動語態的譯法：

　　（一）譯成漢語主動句：

　　1、原文有動作執行者或其他相關成分可作譯文主語時，被動句可譯成主動句

　　【例127】 What is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed.

　　【譯文】 外界很少有人知道，這種無法做到的情況是立法造成的，是經過精心策劃的。

　　【例128】 American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels.

　　【譯文】 允許美國俘虜領取紅十字會的食品包裹。

　　【例129】 When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.

　　【譯文】 用望遠鏡看，太陽接近邊緣的部分顯得略暗。

　　【例130】 One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.

　　【譯文】 必須承認，這些統計數字反映了許多不滿情緒。

　　【例131】 A surprising amount of one's time as a student or professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients.

　　【譯文】 學生或職業人士花費大量時間撰寫報告，以向老師、經理或客戶講述研究項目的成果。

　　2、原文動詞的漢語對應動詞兼有及物和不及物用法時，被動句可譯作主動句

　　【例132】 The old woman's body was found at the end of the alley.

　　【譯文】 老婦人的尸體在小巷盡頭發現了。

　　【例133】 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.

　　【譯文】 搬家時大部分家具要么留給了鄰居，要么分給了朋友。

　　3. 運用詞性轉譯法技巧，將英語被動語態譯作漢語主動語態

　　【例134】 Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.

　　【譯文】 對于各項計劃的評估，不要看其令人們高興的程度，使人們滿意的程度，而要看其引起的不滿情緒屬于什么性質。

　　4. 轉換成其他表達方式，將英語被動語態譯作漢語主動語態

　　【例135】 The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.

　　【譯文】 由于打破了權力的高度集中，經濟獲得了自由。

　　【例136】 These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.

　　【譯文】 這些經紀人按買家和賣家的囑咐進行交易，從中收取傭金。

　　【例137】 Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible.

　　【譯文】 有些人誤認為人們喜歡積蓄精力，喜歡休息，喜歡盡可能褒揚自己。

　　5. 重新組織原文的語句結構，將英語被動語態譯作漢語主動語態

　　【例138】 When the ideas of a scientist are expressed in simple mathematical form, new relationships and new channels of investigation often suggest themselves.

　　【譯文】 科學家在用簡單的數學形式表達概念時，研究工作常常會表現出新的關系和新的途徑。

　　【例139】 A ten percent reduction in auto accidents has been realized by exercising a tighter control on the highway　speed limit.

　　【譯文】 由于加強了公路車速限制，車禍事故減少了一成。

　　【例140】 The behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors.

　　【譯文】 在管道中流動的液體，其性能受到多種因素的影響。