英漢翻譯基本原理第五講:有哪些常用的翻譯技巧?(續(xù))
三、被動語態(tài)的譯法:
(二)譯成漢語被動句:
1、借助“被(…)+ 動詞”、“給(…)+ 動詞”或“由(以)…+ 動詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)
【例141】 His passport was confiscated by the police.
【譯文】 他的護(hù)照被警方?jīng)]收了。
【例142】 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
【譯文】 我們隨時都會被出入機(jī)場的敵機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)。
【例143】 Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves.
【譯文】 黑人最初是被當(dāng)作奴隸從非洲販運(yùn)到美國的。
【例144】 The dishes were all removed before I had finished eating.
【譯文】 我還沒有吃完盤子就都給收掉了。
【例145】 The teacher was sacked for slapping a schoolboy.
【譯文】 那位教師因為打了一名男生耳光給解雇了。
【例146】 The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.
【譯文】 這艘宇宙飛船將完全由機(jī)載電子計算機(jī)控制。
【例147】 Our future is built, bit by bit, minute by minute, by the actions of human beings.
【譯文】 我們的未來世界是由人類一點一滴地、一分一秒地創(chuàng)造出來的。
【例148】 Members of Congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern counties and cities, are elected by popular vote. Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials.
【譯文】 國會議員、總統(tǒng)、州政府官員以及縣長、市長均由民眾投票選舉。聯(lián)邦政府各部部長由總統(tǒng)任命,法官由人民直接選舉,或由當(dāng)選官員任命。
2、借助“為…所 + 動詞”或“是…(所)+ 動詞 + 的”的結(jié)構(gòu)
【例149】 The late 1960's was a period of revolt against traditional values. Parents' ideas were scorned by their children, who accused them of being too concerned with money.
【譯文】 20世紀(jì)60年代后期是對傳統(tǒng)觀念造反的年代。父母的想法為孩子們所不齒;孩子們指責(zé)他們過于看重金錢。
【例150】 These very elements and compounds are needed to continue life, and nature is fairly efficient in recycling them.
【譯文】 這些元素和化合物正是生命延續(xù)所需要的,而大自然能夠相當(dāng)有效地將其循環(huán)利用。
【例151】 Each transaction is carried out in public, and the information sent electronically to every brokerage office of the nation.
【譯文】 每筆交易都是公開進(jìn)行的,并通過電子設(shè)備把交易資料發(fā)往全國各地的每一家經(jīng)紀(jì)人事務(wù)所。
3、借助“得到…+ 名詞”、“受(遭)到…+ 名詞”或“予(加)以…+ 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)
【例152】 This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.
【譯文】 只有假設(shè)地球表明呈曲線狀,這一現(xiàn)象才能得到解釋。
【例153】 People are also troubled because of the participative mood that exists today. This participative phenomenon can be seen in every part of contemporary life.
【譯文】 人們受到困擾的另一個原因是當(dāng)今存在的參與情緒。這種積極參與現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)代生活中到處可見。
【例154】 The area will have to be protected from too frequent, or too intense, or too careless visiting.
【譯文】 這一地區(qū)一定要加以保護(hù),不允許過于頻繁、過于集中或過于隨便地參觀訪問。
四、長句的翻譯
(一)英漢語句的結(jié)構(gòu)差異
【例155】 The principal of a great Philadelphia high school is driven to cry for help (1) in combating the notion (2) that it is undemocratic (3) to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls (4).
【譯文】 費城的一所名牌中學(xué)為一些出類拔萃的男女學(xué)生開設(shè)一套特別課程(4),有人認(rèn)為這種做法不民主(3),結(jié)果校長不得不大聲疾呼求助人們(1)同這種觀念作斗爭(2)。
【例156】 It was an old woman(1), tall and shapely still(2), though withered by time(3), on whom his eyes fell(4)when he stopped and turned(5).
【譯文】 他站住,轉(zhuǎn)過身來(5),定睛一看(4),是個年邁婦女(1),個子很高,依然一副好身材(2),雖然受歲月折磨而顯得憔悴(3)。