本次研討會的主辦方希望我介紹中國目前的發(fā)展情況，實際上剛才柏學翥博士和于平副會長在發(fā)言中已經(jīng)作了詳細介紹。我也感謝阿加拉瓦爾副主席剛才就中印經(jīng)貿(mào)關系發(fā)表了令人鼓舞的講話。那么我就簡單介紹一下中國今年年初出臺的“十二五規(guī)劃”，它為未來五年中國的經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展制定了藍圖。
I was told to give some brief introduction of what’s going on in China. Actually Dr. Bai Xuezhuand and Mr. Yu Ping have already given very detailed information about those things. I will give a very brief summarization of the 12th five-year plan in China, which was formulated in the beginning of this year. This plan provides a blueprint for the coming five years of China’s economic and social development.

我要講的第一點是，中國的發(fā)展是全方位的發(fā)展。關于中國的發(fā)展有些誤解，有些人說中國只重視經(jīng)濟改革，忽視政治改革，實際上中國所謀求的是包括經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會事業(yè)進步在內(nèi)的全方位發(fā)展。中國同時推進經(jīng)濟和政治制度的改革，沒有政治改革，經(jīng)濟進步是無法實現(xiàn)的。認為中國只進行經(jīng)濟改革的說法是錯誤的，希望大家可以了解這一點。
The first point is that Chinese development is an all-around development. There are some misunderstandings about China’s economic development. Some say that China only emphasizes economic reforms, and neglects political reforms. That’s a misunderstanding of China’s development. China seeks all-around development including economic development as well as social undertakings. China is pushing forward the economic reforms and also pushing forward the political reforms. We believe that economic progress can not be achieved without political reforms. The idea that there is only economic reform in China is actually misleading. I hope that you will understand this point.

第二，中國謀求高質(zhì)量的發(fā)展。剛才中國嘉賓談到中國決定將未來五年的經(jīng)濟增長速度目標設為7%，而過去五年的經(jīng)濟增長速度目標是7.5%。大家可能從報紙上了解到中國南部最近發(fā)生了嚴重的動車追尾事故，這次事故十分不幸，導致數(shù)十人死亡，逾百人受傷。中國國務院總理溫家寶到達事故現(xiàn)場接受記者采訪時說，高鐵建設不是越快越好，而是把速度與質(zhì)量、效益和安全有機地結合起來，特別是要把安全放在第一位。動車追尾事故發(fā)生后，中國網(wǎng)民正在爭論高鐵的發(fā)展是否因過快而忽視了安全和穩(wěn)定性。畢竟人的安全是最重要的，我們必須在速度與安全之間實現(xiàn)平衡。我認為，高速運行的火車和高速增長的經(jīng)濟之間有相似之處，降低經(jīng)濟增長速度目標就是為了保證經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的質(zhì)量，并把更多精力放在解決經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)上來。
The second point is that China seeks a quality economic development. Just now, my colleagues from China have told you that China decided to lower down the economic growth target for the coming five years to 7%. For the last five years, the growth rate target was set at 7.5%. If you read newspapers, you will know that a few days ago, there was a severe collision between two bullet trains in China. That accident was very unfortunate. It led to dozens of people dead and hundreds of people severely injured. When Premier Wen Jiabao went to the incident site, he said to the media that it is not always proper to say that the faster, the better. We need to pay more attention to the security of the transportation. There is a huge debate right now on the internet in China about whether we are developing the bullet trains too fast at the expense of security and stability. Because people’s lives are the most important, we have to achieve the balance between the speed and security. There are some similarities between the fast train and fast growing economy. The idea behind purposely lowering down the economic growth rate target is to ensure the quality of the economic development and to allow more time to address those challenges in the economy.

第三，中國正在改變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式。多年來，中國經(jīng)濟對出口和政府投資依賴很大。中國和印度成功應對了國際金融危機，中國實施一攬子經(jīng)濟刺激計劃，印度也采取迅速有力的措施應對危機，但過于依賴出口和政府投資的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是不可持續(xù)的。目前，中國正努力擴大內(nèi)需。統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，中國家庭消費對GDP的貢獻率僅為35%，印度家庭消費對GDP的貢獻率為57%，而美國家庭消費的貢獻率為71%。中國要實現(xiàn)擴大內(nèi)需的目標并不容易，一個問題是人們可能手上沒錢，另一個問題是中國人有儲蓄的習慣而不愿意消費。因此，首先要解決的問題是讓人們手里有錢。中國目前存在比較大的收入差距和地區(qū)差距。例如，我曾經(jīng)在西藏自治區(qū)工作，那里的人均GDP和人均凈收入僅為全國水平的三分之二。尤其在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，由于收入不高，農(nóng)民甚至不愿意去醫(yī)院接受相應的治療，這一點中印之間有相似之處。最近，中國已經(jīng)采取措施來解決這些問題。其中一個措施就是提高個人所得稅薪酬起征點至3500元人民幣，大約6000萬工薪階層受益。第二個要解決的問題是鼓勵人們消費。一些人不愿意消費是因為他們有后顧之憂。如果不存錢，而孩子又要上學，錢就不夠了；如果退休了，則害怕沒有足夠錢保障退休后的生活。尤其在城市里，大多數(shù)家庭只有一個孩子，如果孩子們長大、結婚，一對年輕夫婦就要贍養(yǎng)四位老人，這是一個非常重的負擔。中國正在實施和普及社會保障體系，以解決普通民眾的后顧之憂，讓人們可以為子女教育、醫(yī)療等生活必需開支放心消費。一旦人們有了錢并且愿意消費，擴大內(nèi)需的目標就實現(xiàn)了。
Third, China seeks to transform the economic development approach. For years, we have heavily relied on the export as well as government investment. India and China have successfully tided over the difficulties brought by the global financial crisis. China introduced the economic stimulus package to deal with the influence of such crisis. India also has done quite well in that regard by taking prompt actions in that area. But relying on export and government investment is not sustainable. Right now China is trying to expend the domestic consumptions. According to one statistics, the contribution by household expenditure to the GDP of China is only 35%. The contribution by the household expenditure to GDP in India is around 57%. Of course USA is doing much better and the household expenditure contribution to GDP is 71%. In China, it’s not easy to achieve the target of expanding the domestic consumptions. One problem is that people may not have money. Second problem is that people are unwilling to spend the money because Chinese people are good at saving money. So the first thing to address is to let people have money. There are big income disparity and regional disparity in China. For example, I once worked in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), which is the west part of China. In TAR, the per capita GDP as well as the net income of the people only occupy respectively two thirds of the national average per capita GDP as well as the average income of China. Especially in some agricultural and rural areas, because of the limited income, farmers are even unwilling to go to hospital to receive proper treatment. I think there are lots of similarities between China and India in that regard. Recently, China has taken some measures to address these issues. One measure is to raise the tax threshold to 3500 RMB. Around 60 million wage earners benefit from such tax reduction. The next issue to address is to encourage people to spend money. Some people don’t want to spend money because they have worries. If I don’t save money, when my kid needs go to school, I don’t have money. If I get retired, I don’t have enough money to support my retirement life. Especially in the cities, most families only have one kid. If the kids grow up and get married, one couple needs to support four parents. This is a huge burden. China right now is implementing and popularizing the social security system so as to relieve the worries of the common people. They can feel confident to spend on kid’s education, medical care and other issues of necessities. Once people have money and are willing to spend, we can achieve the goal of expanding the domestic consumptions.