二、中國網絡法學發展的回顧

II. The current situation of the development of the studies of Internet law

我國對網絡法學的研究，是從上個世紀八十年代末開始的。自從1987年鄭成思先生出版國內首部網絡法律專著——《計算機、軟件與數據的法律保護》后，網絡法開始進入了學者的視野。隨著越來越多學者的加入以及對網絡法律問題研究的不斷深入，網絡法學在中國逐漸成為顯學，到目前為止，國內學者發表的網絡法論文（包括公開檢索到的期刊、碩士和博士論文、會議論文等）大約有九千篇，著作一百多部，逐步構建起中國特色網絡法學的學科框架，特別是來自一線人員的案例與實務研究叢書起到了指導實踐的作用。與此同時，廣西大學（網絡法律研究中心）、北京大學（雅虎互聯網法律研究中心）、北京郵電大學（亞太網絡法律研究中心）北京師范大學（互聯網政策與法律研究中心）等高校相繼成立了網絡法律研究的專業機構。在網絡法學的學科建設上，2010年北京郵電大學建立了國內首個涵蓋網絡法、網絡管理、信息安全、管理科學的網絡治理交叉學科，并提出了網絡治理系統化研究的理論。回顧上述成果的同時，我們也認識到網絡法學研究的薄弱環節。由于缺乏對網絡社會的新型態和新型社會關系的研究以及對網絡規律的認識，高質量的、理論性的學術精品較少，尤其是對互聯網法律進行系統、深入研究的專著較為缺乏，更沒有產生如美國《貝克報告》、《洛克菲勒報告》那樣的對國家網絡信息資源管理有重大影響的報告。此外，我國網絡法學缺乏一個統一完整的研究體系模型，需要在基礎性和理論性層面做好扎實的研究工作，從而真正系統化地提升研究水平。

In China, the study of computer-network law began in the late 1980s. Since the publication of "The Legal Protection of Computers, Software and Data" in 1987 by Zheng Chengsi, which is China's first book in the field, computer-network law has begun to enter the view of scholars. With the deepening of the research into issues of the Internet law and the increase of the number of scholars entering the field, Internet law has become a prominent subject of study in the country. So far Chinese scholars have published more than 9,000 treatises (including journal articles, master and doctoral dissertations and conference papers) and more than 100 books on Internet law. A scientific framework with Chinese characteristics for the study of Internet law is basically in place. With the deepening of the study, academic groups and professional research institutions were set up one after another: institutes specializing in Internet law were established at Guangxi, Peking, Beijing Normal and other universities; and in 2009, the Internet Governance and Law Research Center, the first of its kind in China, was established at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT). Speaking of the building of the subject of Internet law in 2010, the BUPT created China's first cross-discipline subject on Internet governance covering Internet law, Internet governance, information security and management sciences. When reviewing the progresses, we also must soberly understand the weak points. Despite the continuous emergence of research results in Internet law, high-quality, original and theoretical academic works are few and in particular, books are rarely seen on systematic and in-depth research into Internet law. Due to the lack of study and vague understanding of the cyber society and ensuing new personal relationships, controversies still exist on issues of cyber privacy, the right of reputation, personal information, virtual asset protection, because they involve new patterns and relationships of cyber society. Furthermore, China lacks a unified and complete research system model in its study of Internet law, and it has yet to produce a practical investigative research report, such as the Baker or Rockefeller reports in the US, to exert great influence on the management of national Internet information resources. Therefore, in the future, research in Internet law should pay close attention to the practice in China, and thorough investigations should be done and more pertinent and instructive investigation reports be produced to raise the level of development of a legal system for the Internet in China.

三、互聯網法制建設遇到的挑戰

III. Challenges met by the building of a legal system for the Internet

隨著網絡融合、網絡技術革命以及網絡在生產和生活領域的深層次應用，再加上層出不窮的網絡濫用與網絡犯罪行為，互聯網法制建設面臨更加嚴峻的挑戰。

With technological revolutions, profound-level applications of the Internet in production as well as people's lives, and endless abuses of the Internet and cyber crimes, the building of a legal system for the Internet has met unprecedented challenges:

(一) 互聯網的發展問題

目前，我國網絡融合正處于起步階段，市場監管體系、服務質量體系和信用體系建設需要相關法律的進一步完善。同時，沿海地區與內陸地區、城市地區與農村地區之間仍然存在明顯的數字差距，需要從法律和政策方面保障落后地區居民的接入互聯網、使用互聯網的權利。在弱勢群體權益保護方面，政府、行業組織、社會與家庭等多方主體應加大對弱勢群體尤其是未成年人的保護力度，進一步凈化網絡空間，營造互聯網持續發展的法制環境。

（二）網絡安全問題

2. The issue of cyber security

網絡信息安全構成了國家安全的重要組成部分。網絡欺詐、垃圾信息、黑客攻擊、侵犯個人隱私和網絡恐怖主義等越來越多的網絡濫用行為不斷出現，其危害已發展到嚴重影響各國政治、經濟、軍事和文化安全的程度，同時也對個人安全造成了前所未有的威脅。互聯網的國際性特征決定了任何一個國家都不能單獨解決網絡安全問題，在全球范圍內制訂一致的規則和采取統一行動以應對突發的網絡威脅和網絡攻擊，已迫在眉睫。

The security of information in cyberspace is an important component of national security. Abuses of the Internet, which include cyber fraud, spam, hacking, invasion of privacy and cyber terrorism, have increasingly and continuously emerged and developed to seriously affect the security of the politics, economy, military affairs and the culture of various countries. They also have posed an unprecedented threat to personal safety. The characteristic of the Internet being international has determined that no single country can solve the issue of cyber security on its own and hence it has become imminent to make globally consistent rules and act in a coordinated way against emergent cyber threats and attacks.

（三）網絡新技術和創新應用引發的問題

3. Issues caused by applications of new Internet technology and innovations

云計算、移動互聯網、網絡融合和物聯網技術的出現將互聯網發展帶入一個全新的階段，這將對我們的工作、生活方式產生重大影響，同時對個人信息保護和國家安全保障提出了更高的要求；博客、微博、SNS等網絡新業務新型態的出現，移動通信技術的日益成熟和廣泛應用，網絡信息傳播形式以文字為主向音頻、視頻、圖片等多媒體形態轉變，不僅增加了監管的難度，而且使當事人之間的法律關系變得更為復雜，迫切需要法律明確個人權利和義務的范圍以及清晰地劃定個人安全與國家安全之間的界限。

The emergence of cloud computing, mobile Internet, convergence of various networks and the Internet of objects have brought the development of the Internet to a new phrase, which will significantly affect our work and lives and at the same time raise the requirements for protecting personal information and safeguarding national security. The emergence of new Internet services, which include blogs, microblogging and SNS, the growing maturity and extensive application of mobile telecommunications technology, and the shift from text to multimedia, such as audio, video and photos as the main agent in information communication on the Internet have together made supervision more difficult and at the same time, made the legal relationships among various parties more complex, which indicates the crying need to legally clarify the scopes of individual rights and obligations as well as the boundary between personal safety and national security.

四、中國互聯網法制建設展望

IV. An outlook for the building of a legal system for the Internet in China

（一）互聯網立法

1. An outlook for legislation of the Internet

中國需要加快制定《信息安全法》，以有效地保障國家、企業以及個人的信息安全；盡快出臺《個人信息保護法》，保障個人在網絡社會的基本權利；推進《電子政務法》的立法進程，通過規范國家機關、事業單位和團體組織的電子政務活動，提高公共管理的水平和透明度，更好地為社會公眾提供信息與服務。同時，為推動電子商務發展，依法維護各方權益，需要進一步完善與網絡交易有關的立法。此外，國際社會亟需制定全球層面的打擊網絡犯罪公約，中國的參與將有助于全球網絡犯罪公約的制定，從而共同保障網絡世界的安全。

It can be predicted that China will accelerate to make its information security law, personal information protection law, and e-government law to define the basic rights (power), obligations and responsibilities of various parties in cyber society. Meanwhile, China will further improve Internet transaction-related legislations to promote the development of global e-commerce and safeguard the interests of various parties according to the law. Furthermore, it's urgent for the international community to make a global treaty against cyber crimes, and China will be happy to take part in this issue to safeguard cyber security with other countries.