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Mothers Who Smoke While Pregnant Put Kids at Risk of Substance Abuse, Time: June 20th, 2013
懷孕媽媽吸煙有使寶寶藥物濫用的風險，2013年6月20日
Exposure to cigarette smoke in the womb may interfere with the brain's reward system， and make children more vulnerable to addictions.
寶寶還在子宮里的時候，就暴露在有煙霧的環境中，會干擾其大腦獎勵系統的發育，使他們更容易上癮。
Researchers from Technische Universitat Dresden in Germany compared 177 teens between the ages 13 to 15 who had been exposed to cigarettes prenatally to 177 teens whose mothers did not smoke while expecting.
德國德累斯頓工業大學的研究人員比較了在產前曾暴露在有煙環境中的177名13—15歲的青少年和產前媽媽不吸煙的同齡人。
To test how the teens reacted to being presented with a reward,which simulated the need to satisfy an addiction
為了測試青少年對上癮帶來滿足并刺激需要這一系統的反應，
the participants were placed in a functional MRI scan to record their brain activity while they performed specific computer-based tasks.
對參與者進行MRI掃描，并記錄他們在執行特定的計算機任務時的大腦活動。
Indeed，they saw less activity in this area of the brain among the teens whose were exposed to smoke in the womb compared to those who were not，which resulted in longer times to respond to the target.
通過研究發現，在子宮里就暴露在吸煙環境中與那些沒有暴露在吸煙環境中的青少年相比，前者大腦這部分活動要少得多，并且需要花更長的時間對目標作出反應。
"The weaker responsivity of the ventral striatum to regard anticipation in prenatally exposed adolescents may represent a risk factor for substance use and development of addiction later in life.
該研究的作者寫道：“在產前暴露在有煙環境中的青少年，如果出現腹側紋狀體反應較弱，那他在未來，很有可能濫用藥物并上癮。
This result highlights the need for education and preventive measures to reduce smoking during pregnancy."the study authors wrote.
這一結果強調了進行教育和采取措施，減少妊娠期間的吸煙行為的必要性。”
Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also show inhibited activity in the ventral striatum，
兒童多動癥也顯示與腹側紋狀體的抑制活性有關，
and other studies linked lower activity in this region among teens to more risky behaviors，such as reckless driving，that extend beyond taking illegal drugs.
還有研究表明，這一區域活動越不活躍的青少年，其危險行為也越多，如魯莽駕駛、過量服用違禁藥物等。
The results certainly don't suggest that cigarette smoking during pregnancy always causes addictions or substance abuse problems in children later,
研究結果并不是說，懷孕期間吸煙一定會導致寶寶將來會上癮或濫用藥物，
but they do add to the growing body of data documenting the harms that nicotine can have on proper fetal development.
但他們再一次證明了，尼古丁會危害胎兒的正常發育。
With some women still smoking while pregnant, they hope that these data will fuel more education efforts that inform mothers-to-be about the dangers of smoking for the unborn.Thank you.
鑒于很多懷孕女性仍在吸煙，研究人員希望這些數據能起到教育作用，讓準媽媽們知道吸煙對未出生寶寶的危害。謝謝。
