評論
打印
解析：
71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Actually, it isn't, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干結構是主從復合句。
1)because引導原因狀語從句
2)that引導賓語從句，從句中是存在句結構there is an agreed account of human rights,
3)which從句的先行詞是human rights，something后面是定語從句the world does not have.
第三、詞的處理：
Actually 事實上
it主語代詞，根據(jù)上下文意思這種問法，這種說法，isn't后面省略的詞應該是so或true
an agreed account 約定的看法，共同的認識
human rights 人的權利，人權
完整的譯文：
事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共同的認識為基礎的，而這種共同認識并不存在。
72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
第二、句子的結構：
1)主干結構是主從復合句：Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引導的是賓語從句
3)as part of...是賓語從句中的rights的主語補足語。
第三、詞的處理：
argue 論證
a social contract 社會契約
as part of 作為(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益，權利
完整的譯文：
有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。
73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
第二、句子的結構是：
1)it invites you to think that...后面是賓語從句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語。
第三、詞的處理：
leads ...to extremes 引向極端
at the outset 從一開始
invites you to think 使人們認為
consideration 關切，體諒
humans extend to other humans 人對待人
完整的譯文：
這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。
74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
第二、句子的結構：
1)主干結構是現(xiàn)在分詞短語狀語，主語+謂語+賓語從句。Arguing from...現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。
2) the view和后面的從句that...是同位語關系
3) that...引導賓語從句。
第三、詞的處理：
Arguing from the view 從……觀點看，持……觀點
different from... 與……不同
in every relevant respect 在各相關方面
extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點的人
lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德問題范圍，與道德取舍無關
完整的譯文：
這類人持極端看法，認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。
75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
第二、句子主干結構是兩個復合句：
1)When...是前一個復合句的時間狀語
2)instinct后面的介詞短語for moral reasoning in action是它的定語
3)that...是定語從句，修飾先行詞an instinct，從句中是被動語態(tài)結構，表示選擇。
第三、詞的處理：
that (代詞作主語)聯(lián)系上下文譯為這種反應
mankind's instinct for moral reasoning 人類道德觀念推理的本能
in action 起作用
rather than 而不
完整的譯文：
這種反應并不錯，這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應得到鼓勵而不應遭到嘲弄。
