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Chapter V Civil Rights Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights
第五章 民事權利 第一節 財產所有權和與財產所有權有關的財產權
Article 71 "Property ownership" means the owner's rights to ly possess, utilize, profit from and dispose of his property.
第七十一條 財產所有權是指所有人依法對自己的財產享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權利。
Article 72 Property ownership shall not be obtained in violation of the law.
第七十二條 財產所有權的取得，不得違反法律規定。
Unless the law stipulates otherwise or the parties concerned have agreed on other arrangements, the ownership of property obtained by contract or by other lawful means shall be transferred simultaneously with the property itself.
按照合同或者其他合法方式取得財產的，財產所有權從財產交付時起轉移，法律另有規定或者當事人另有約定的除外。
Article 73 State property shall be owned by the whole people.
第七十三條 國家財產屬于全民所有。
State property is sacred and inviolable, and no organization or individual shall be allowed to seize, encroach upon, privately divide, retain or destroy it.
國家財產神圣不可侵犯，禁止任何組織或者個人侵占、哄搶、私分、截留、破壞。
Article 74 Property of collective organizations of the working masses shall be owned collectively by the working masses. This shall include:
第七十四條 勞動群眾集體組織的財產屬于勞動群眾集體所有，包括：
(1) land, forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches and other areas that are stipulated by law to be under collective ownership;
（一）法律規定為集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等；
(2) property of collective economic organizations;
（二）集體經濟組織的財產；
(3) collectively owned buildings, reservoirs, farm irrigation facilities and educational, scientific, cultural, health, sports and other facilities;
（三）集體所有的建筑物、水庫、農田水利設施和教育、科學、文化、衛生、體育等設施；
and (4) other property that is collectively owned.
（四）集體所有的其他財產。
Collectively owned land shall be owned collectively by the village peasants in accordance with the law and shall be worked and managed by village agricultural production cooperatives, other collective agricultural economic organizations or villages' committees.
集體所有的土地依照法律屬于村農民集體所有，由村農業生產合作社等農業集體經濟組織或者村民委員會經營、管理。
Land already under the ownership of the township (town) peasants' collective economic organizations may be collectively owned by the peasants of the township (town).
已經屬于鄉（鎮）農民集體經濟組織所有的，可以屬于鄉（鎮）農民集體所有。
Collectively owned property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may seize, encroach upon, privately divide, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate it.
集體所有的財產受法律保護，禁止任何組織或者個人侵占、哄搶、私分、破壞或者非法查封、扣押、凍結、沒收。
Article 75 A citizen's personal property shall include his lawfully earned income, housing, savings, articles for daily use, objects d'art, books, reference materials, trees, livestock, as well as means of production the law permits a citizen to possess and other lawful property.
第七十五條 公民的個人財產，包括公民的合法收入、房屋、儲蓄、生活用品、文物、圖書資料、林木、牲畜和法律允許公民所有的生產資料以及其他合法財產。
A citizen's lawful property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may appropriate, encroach upon, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate it.
公民的合法財產受法律保護，禁止任何組織或者個人侵占、哄搶、破壞或者非法查封、扣押、凍結、沒收。
Article 76 Citizens shall have the right of inheritance under the law.
第七十六條 公民依法享有財產繼承權。
Article 77 The lawful property of social organizations, including religious organizations, shall be protected by law.
第七十七條 社會團體包括宗教團體的合法財產受法律保護。
Article 78 Property may be owned jointly by two or more citizens or legal persons.
第七十八條 財產可以由兩個以上的公民、法人共有。
There shall be two kinds of joint ownership, namely co-ownership by shares and common ownership. Each of the co-owners by shares shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property in proportion to his share. Each of the common owners shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property. #p#分頁標題#e#
共有分為按份共有和共同共有。按份共有人按照各自的份額，對共有財產分享權利，分擔義務。共同共有人對共有財產享有權利，承擔義務。
Each co-owner by shares shall have the right to withdraw his own share of the joint property or transfer its ownership.
按份共有財產的每個共有人有權要求將自己的份額分出或者轉讓。
However, when he offers to sell his share, the other co-owners shall have a right of pre-emption if all other conditions are equal.
但在出售時，其他共有人在同等條件下，有優先購買的權利。
Article 79 If the owner of a buried or concealed object is unknown, the object shall belong to the state. The unit that receives the object shall commend or give a material reward to the unit or individual that turns in the object.
第七十九條 所有人不明的埋藏物、隱藏物，歸國家所有。接收單位應當對上繳的單位或者個人，給予表揚或者物質獎勵。
Lost-and-found objects, flotsam and stray animals shall be returned to their rightful owners, and any costs thus incurred shall be reimbursed by the owners.
拾得遺失物、漂流物或者失散的飼養動物，應當歸還失主，因此而支出的費用由失主償還。
Article 80 State-owned land may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; it may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of the land, and the usufructuary shall be obligated to manage, protect and properly use the land.
第八十條 國家所有的土地，可以依法由全民所有制單位使用，也可以依法確定由集體所有制單位使用，國家保護它的使用、收益的權利；使用單位有管理、保護、合理利用的義務。
The right of citizens and collectives to contract for management of land under collective ownership or of state-owned land under collective use shall be protected by law.
公民、集體依法對集體所有的或者國家所有由集體使用的土地的承包經營權，受法律保護。
The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract signed in accordance with the law.
承包雙方的權利和義務，依照法律由承包合同規定。
Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.
土地不得買賣、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法轉讓。
Article 81 State-owned forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches, water surfaces and other natural resources may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; or they may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of those resources, and the usufructuary shall be obliged to manage, protect and properly use them.
第八十一條 國家所有的森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂、水面等自然資源，可以依法由全民所有制單位使用，也可以依法確定由集體所有制單位使用，國家保護它的使用、收益的權利；使用單位有管理、保護、合理利用的義務。
State-owned mineral resources may be mined according to law by units under ownership by the whole people and units under collective ownership;
國家所有的礦藏，可以依法由全民所有制單位和集體所有制單位開采，也可以依法由公民采挖。國家保護合法的采礦權。
citizens may also lawfully mine such resources. The state shall protect lawful mining rights.
公民、集體依法對集體所有的或者國家所有由集體使用的森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂、水面的承包經營權，受法律保護。
The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract in accordance with the law.
承包雙方的權利和義務，依照法律由承包合同規定。
State-owned mineral resources and waters as well as forest land, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land and beaches owned by the state and those that are lawfully owned by collectives may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.
國家所有的礦藏、水流，國家所有的和法律規定屬于集體所有的林地、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂不得買賣、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法轉讓。
Article 82 Enterprises under ownership by the whole people shall lawfully enjoy the rights of management over property that the state has authorized them to manage and operate, and the rights shall be protected by law.
第八十二條 全民所有制企業對國家授予它經營管理的財產依法享有經營權，受法律保護。
Article 83 In the spirit of helping production, making things convenient for people's lives, enhancing unity and mutual assistance, and being fair and reasonable, neighbouring users of real estate shall maintain proper neighbourly relations over such matters as water supply, drainage, passageway, ventilation and lighting. Anyone who causes obstruction or damage to his neighbour, shall stop the infringement, eliminate the obstruction and compensate for the damage.
第八十三條 不動產的相鄰各方，應當按照有利生產、方便生活、團結互助、公平合理的精神，正確處理截水、排水、通行、通風、采光等方面的相鄰關系。給相鄰方造成妨礙或者損失的，應當停止侵害，排除妨礙，賠償損失。
