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Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
第四章 民事法律行為和代理 第一節 民事法律行為
Article 54 A civil juristic act shall be the lawful act of a citizen or legal person to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations.
第五十四條 民事法律行為是公民或者法人設立、變更、終止民事權利和民事義務的合法行為。
Article 55 A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements:
第五十五條 民事法律行為應當具備下列條件：
(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;
（一）行為人具有相應的民事行為能力；
(2) the intention expressed is genuine;
（二）意思表示真實；
and (3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest.
（三）不違反法律或者社會公共利益。
Article 56 A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form.
第五十六條 民事法律行為可以采取書面形式、口頭形式或者其他形式。
If the law stipulates that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation shall be observed.
法律規定是特定形式的，應當依照法律規定。
Article 57 A civil juristic act shall be legally binding once it is instituted.
第五十七條 民事法律行為從成立時起具有法律約束力。
The actor shall not alter or rescind his act except in accordance with the law or with the other party's consent.
行為人非依法律規定或者取得對方同意，不得擅自變更或者解除。
Article 58 Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void:
第五十八條 下列民事行為無效：
(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct;
（一）無民事行為能力人實施的；
(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct;
（二）限制民事行為能力人依法不能獨立實施的；
(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of cheating, coercion or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the other party;
（三）一方以欺詐、脅迫的手段或者乘人之危，使對方在違背真實意思的情況下所為的；
(4) those that performed through malicious collusion are detrimental to the interest of the state, a collective or a third party;
（四）惡意串通，損害國家、集體或者第三人利益的；
(5) those that violate the law or the public interest;
（五）違反法律或者社會公共利益的；
(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory plans;
（六）經濟合同違反國家指令性計劃的；
and (7) those that performed under the guise of legitimate acts conceal illegitimate purposes.
（七）以合法形式掩蓋非法目的的。
Civil acts that are null and void shall not be legally binding from the very beginning.
無效的民事行為，從行為開始起就沒有法律約束力。
Article 59 A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts:
第五十九條 下列民事行為，一方有權請求人民法院或者仲裁機關予以變更或者撤銷：
(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents of the acts;
（一）行為人對行為內容有重大誤解的；
(2) those that are obviously unfair.
（二）顯失公平的。
Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning.
被撤銷的民事行為從行為開始起無效。
Article 60 If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity of other parts.
第六十條 民事行為部分無效，不影響其他部分的效力的，其他部分仍然有效。
Article 61 After a civil act has been determined to be null and void or has been rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall return it to the party who suffered a loss.
第六十一條 民事行為被確認為無效或者被撤銷后，當事人因該行為取得的財產，應當返還給受損失的一方。
The erring party shall compensate the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share of the responsibility.
有過錯的一方應當賠償對方因此所受的損失，對方都有過錯的，應當各自承擔相應的責任。
If the two sides have conspired maliciously and performed a civil act that is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party. #p#分頁標題#e#
雙方惡意串通，實施民事行為損害國家的、集體的或者第三人的利益的，應當追繳雙方取得的財產，收歸國家、集體所有或者返還第三人。
Article 62 A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional civil juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.
第六十二條 民事法律行為可以附條件，附條件的民事法律行為在符合所附條件時生效。
