評論
打印
Recording 3
錄音三
A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.
一項新研究未能找到任何有力的證據來證明改變生活方式能防止老年人認知能力減退。
Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.
當我們年老時，我們仍舊有充分的理由讓我們的居住方式和飲食習慣朝著積極的方向發展。
Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age.
當我們年老時，認知能力的下降意味著喪失學習新技能的能力，或者是容易忘記一些單詞、名字和人臉。
To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.
為了降低或者避免認知能力的衰退，研究者們調查了抽煙、飲食、腦力挑戰游戲、運動以及其他策略的效果。
Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.
杜克大學的研究人員詳細檢查了160多項公開的研究，他們發現沒有有力的證據能夠證實上述任何一種方式能幫助降低認知能力衰退。
Co-author James Burke helped design the study.
合著者詹姆斯·伯克幫助設計了這項研究。
"In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial.".
“在觀察性研究中，我們發現有些維生素B是有益的?！?/div>
"Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established."
“雖然沒有有力的證據證實運動、飲食、認知刺激可以幫助降低認知能力衰退，但是它們仍能發揮一定的積極作用?！?/div>
Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help.
以前的一些研究認為通過心理刺激的活動來挑戰大腦或許會對降低認知能力的衰退有幫助。
And Burke said that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies—the researcher's gold standard.
并且伯克認為根據隨機研究——研究者的黃金標準，這看起來確實是有幫助的。
"Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit.
“我們確實在認知刺激領域發現了一些有用的效果。
The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged."
“但個體所使用的具體刺激方式并不如腦力主動參與重要?！?/div>
The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline.
專家評審也沒有找到充足的證據來推薦任何可以防止或減緩認知能力下降的藥品或膳食補充劑。
However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes,
然而，鑒于有證據顯示一些生活方式的改變對降低認知能力衰退有積極的影響，
plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.
再加上其他顯然與認知能力下降無關的好處，伯克愿意給人們提供一些建議。
"I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint,
“我認為從醫學、營養和認知刺激的角度來看，如果人們采取健康的生活方式，”
we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important."
我們就可以減少認知能力衰退的發病率，這將證明上述因素實際上是重要的。”
James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline.
杜克大學的詹姆斯·伯克是研究之前有關認知減退研究的作者。
The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.
論文發表在了內科學年鑒網站上。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
問題23到25是基于剛剛所聽到的那段錄音。
Question 23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?
問題23：根據說話者所說，老年人認知能力減退的癥狀是什么？
Question 24. According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?
問題24：根據詹姆斯·伯克所說，什么有助于降低認知能力衰退？
Question 25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?
問題25：詹姆斯·伯克所推薦什么可以減少認知能力衰退的發病率？
譯文屬可可原創，僅供學習和交流使用，未經允許不得轉載
| 重點單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| recording | [ri'kɔ:diŋ] |
想一想再看 n. 錄音 動詞record的現在分詞 |
聯想記憶 | |
| established | [is'tæbliʃt] |
想一想再看 adj. 已被確認的，確定的，建立的，制定的 動詞est |
||
| decline | [di'klain] |
想一想再看 n. 衰微，跌落; 晚年 |
||
| symptom | ['simptəm] |
想一想再看 n. 癥狀，征兆 |
||
| incidence | ['insidəns] |
想一想再看 n. 發生(率), 入射 |
聯想記憶 | |
| annals | ['ænəlz] |
想一想再看 n. 紀年表，年鑒，年報 名詞annal的名詞形式 |
聯想記憶 | |
| stimulating |
想一想再看 adj. 刺激的，令人興奮的 動詞stimulate的現 |
|||
| evidence | ['evidəns] |
想一想再看 n. 根據，證據 |
聯想記憶 | |
| insufficient | [.insə'fiʃənt] |
想一想再看 adj. 不足的 |
聯想記憶 | |
| cognitive | ['kɔgnitiv] |
想一想再看 adj. 認知的，認識的，有認識力的 |
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