評論
打印
Recording 1
錄音一
The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere.
自然災害造成的負面影響隨處可見。
In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive powers of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.
在剛剛過去的幾周內，世界目睹了發生在印度尼西亞的強地震，菲律賓的臺風以及襲擊薩摩亞和鄰近島嶼的毀滅性海浪。
A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two million people.
災害流行病學研究中心發現在1980年到2007年間，將近8400場自然災害導致了200萬人死亡。
These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.
這些災難造成的經濟損失超過1萬5千億美元。
U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. "Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50.
聯合國氣象專家杰弗里·洛夫稱這是一個壞消息。“在過去的50年里，經濟損失增加了50倍”
That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people.
這聽起來很糟糕，但是死亡人數減少了10倍，只是因為我們的預防工作做得越來越好。
We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur.
我們所做的努力起到了很好的作用。然而，極端事件還會繼續發生。
But, the message is that they need not be disasters."
但是，這些極端事件不一定是災難。”
Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization,
洛夫是世界氣象組織氣象和減災中心的主任。
says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes.
他說大部分的死亡和經濟損失都是由天氣、氣候或者與水相關的災害導致的。
These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires.
其中包括干旱、洪災、暴風、強勁的熱帶季風和大火災。
He says extreme events will continue.
他說極端事件還會繼續發生。
But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them.
但是他說只有當人們未能做好應對極端事件的準備工作，極端事件才會演變成災難。
"Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it is pretty simple.
“很多預防措施是眾所周知的。從規劃的角度來講，這其實很簡單。
Build better buildings. Don't build where the hazards will destroy them.
建造穩固的建筑物。不要建在容易讓災害毀壞的地方。
From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans. "
從安全預警的角度來講，要確保預警能夠直接到達社區層面。構建社區行動計劃。”
The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.
世界氣象組織以古巴和孟加拉國為例指出這兩個國家通過采取預防措施，成功地減少了自然災害帶來的大量人員死亡。
It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba.
古巴每年都遭受很多次熱帶風暴的襲擊，導致很多人死亡。
But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend.
但是安全預警系統的發展改變了這一趨勢。
In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed.
2008年，古巴遭遇了5次颶風的連續襲擊，僅有7人遇難。
Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results.
孟加拉國采取的措施也取得了成效。
Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people.
1970年到1991年間發生的巨大風暴潮導致44萬人死亡。
Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.
經過精心的準備，2007年11月發生的超級熱帶風暴導致不超過3500人死亡。
Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
問題16到18是基于剛剛所聽到的那段錄音。
Question 16. What is the talk mainly about?
問題16：這段錄音主要談論了什么？
Question 17. How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?
問題17：我們如何阻止極端事件演變成災難？
Question 18. What does the example of Cuba serve to show?
問題18：錄音列舉了古巴的例子是為了說明什么？
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