conclude v. ①結束 ②作出決定
　　例：Once the price had been agreed, a deal was quickly concluded. 價格一經商定，交易很快就達成了。From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a chain smoker. 從他的外表看，我們可以有把握地斷定他煙抽得很兇。搭配：conclude with (使)結束，終止：The performance concluded with Stravinsky’s ‘Rite of Spring’. 演出以斯特拉文斯基的《春之祭》結束。拓展：conclusion n. 結論，結束
　　聽力擴展：Smile is the unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. I tell this story in my work because I’d like people to consider that underneath all the layers we construct to protect ourselves, our dignity, our titles, our degrees, our status and our need to be seen in certain ways―underneath all that remains the authentic, essential self. I’m not afraid to call it the soul. I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn’t be enemies. We couldn’t have hate or envy or fear. I sadly conclude that all those other layers, which we so carefully construct through our lives, distance and insulate us from truly contacting others.微笑是人與人之間最自然真摯的溝通方式。我在作品中講這個故事，是希望人們能仔細想想以下的事情：人常常為自己建立層層的保護膜，為了維護尊嚴、頭銜、身份、形象等，而必須有所隱藏。我相信在這些掩飾下，每個人都有一個真實、不虛偽的靈魂。如果我們能用心靈去認識彼此，世間不會有結怨成仇的憾事;恨意、妒嫉、恐懼也會不復存在。可惜的是，人們小心翼翼為自己所建造的保護膜，卻阻隔了自己與他人真誠相對的機會。【注】authentic a. 可信的;insulate v. 隔離

　　effective a. 有效的，有影響的
　　例：The president promised swift and effective retribution against the terrorists. 總統答應會迅速有效地懲罰恐怖分子。Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. 登廣告往往是最有效的推銷方式。拓展：effect n. 影響，結果;effectiveness n. 有效性
　　聽力擴展： Eagle is the world’s longest life expectancy of birds. It lives up to the age of 70. To live such a long life expectancy, at 40 years of age it must make a difficult but important decision. When the Hawks live up to the age of 40, its claws start aging, unable to effectively seize the prey. Its wings have become very heavy because its feathers grow thick and strong and make it very difficult to fly. There are only two options:die, or rebirth through a very painful update process of 150-day long training session.鷹是世界上平均壽命最長的鳥類，它可以活到70歲。為了長壽，40歲時，鷹必須做一個艱難但是重要的決定。鷹活到40歲時，爪子開始老化，再也不能有效地捕食。由于羽毛厚而壯，它們的翅膀變得非常笨重，難于飛翔。眼前只有兩條路：死亡，或者穿越一個痛苦的150天的磨礪，獲得重生。

　　employee n. 雇員
　　例：He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee. 他覺得要為他以前的雇員工作很失身份。拓展：employer n. 雇主，老板;employ v. 雇用
　　聽力擴展：
　　A: Nevertheless we need to make one decision. I recommend we accept the merger offer, as I agree with the report　s findings that it would be better for the company in the long　term future.
　　B: But what do the other department managers think? Do we have unanimous agreement with this offer?
　　A: Yes, I believe we do.
　　B: Did you hold that employee meeting yesterday? What was the general reaction?
　　A: A majority believes that you should agree.
　　B: Well then, my decision must take into consideration the thoughts of my employees, so I will agree to it.
　　A：無論如何我們得做出決定。我建議我們接受合并提議。我同意報告的調查結果，合并符合公司長遠的利益。
　　B：但是其他部門主管怎么想?對于這個提議，大家都同意嗎?
　　A：是的。我想是的。
　　B：昨天你開員工大會了嗎?普遍的反應怎么樣?
　　A：大多數人認為你應該接受。
　　B：那好，我一定仔細考慮員工的意見再作決定。我會同意的。
　　【注】merger n. 合并，歸并;unanimous a. 意見一致的

　　enable v. 使……能夠，使可行
　　例：The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 這種軟件使你在幾秒鐘內便可訪問互聯網。Reading this book enables you to have a general idea about the country. 讀這本書能讓你對那個國家有個大體的了解。拓展：disable v. 使不可能
　　聽力擴展：Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. “What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?” “I gave it to a poor old woman,”he answered. “You　re a good boy,”said the mother proudly. “Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?” “She is the one who enables corns to popcorn.”小羅伯特向媽媽要兩分錢。“昨天給你的錢干什么了?”“我給了一個可憐的老婆婆，”他回答說。“你真是個好孩子，”媽媽驕傲地說。“再給你兩分錢。可你為什么對那位老太太那么感興趣呢?”“她是個賣爆米花的。”【注】popcorn n. 爆米花

　　encourage[　n　k　r　d　] v. ①鼓勵，鼓舞 ②支持
　　例：Peter, my English teacher, never fails to encourage us to study hard. 我的英文老師彼得總是鼓勵我們要好好用功。High prices for farm products encouraged farming. 農產品價格的提高有助于農業發展。搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事：Our parents are always encouraging us to be a decent person. 父母總是鼓勵我們做個正直的人。be encouraged at sth. 因某事而受到鼓舞：Terry is greatly encouraged at the famous guy’s achievement in charity. 泰瑞因那位名人在慈善事業上取得的成就而受到極大的鼓舞。拓展：encouragement n. 鼓勵，鼓舞

　　factor n. 因素，因子;v. 把……因素包括進去，作為因素
　　例：The determinate factor of our economy is to control inflation. 經濟的決定性因素是控制通貨膨脹。Don’t forget to factor in rushing hours when you figure the time you need to get there. 計算到達那個地方花費的時間時，別忘了考慮交通高峰。搭配：factor sth. in/into 把……因素包括進去：The accountant forgot factoring in bus fee when calculating the general costs. 計算總花費時，會計忘了考慮公共汽車費用。
　　聽力擴展：
　　Tina: Hi! Emma, long time no see. How was your life in England?
　　Emma: Is you, Tina! I　m glad to see you. I was back to China a few days ago. I had a great time in my study in England. It is a beautiful country and the people there are very kind, although sometime I got myself embarrassed because of the different culture.
　　Tina: Really?What　s the exact difference between the west culture and the east culture? Could you give me some examples?
　　Emma: My pleasure! You never know how polite British people are in public places. Whatever they go to buy tickets or food, they all like to queue up! They comply so much with the public order. And all people in England think that honesty is an important factor to judge whether a person has good character or not. They hate liars!
　　蒂娜：艾瑪，好久不見了。在英國過得怎么樣?
　　艾瑪：是你呀，蒂娜。很高興見到你。我是前幾天回國的。 我在英國的學習很愉快，雖然有時因為文化的差異讓我成為笑柄，但是英國真的是個美麗的國家，英國人很友好。
　　蒂娜：真的嗎?西方文化和東方文化到底有什么不同呢?你能舉些例子嗎?
　　艾瑪：非常榮幸，你絕對沒想到英國人在公共場合多么有禮貌。無論是去買票還是買食物，他們都很遵守公共秩序，自覺排隊。 人們普遍認為誠實與否是衡量一個人是否具有良好素質的重要因素，說謊者在當地是不受歡迎的。
　　【注】queue up 排隊;comply with 服從，遵從