indicate v. ①顯示，指示 ②指明，表明
　　例：He indicated his willingness with a nod of his head. 他點(diǎn)頭表示愿意。Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒煙。搭配：indicate…to sb. 指……給某人：She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. 她拿出一張地圖，給我們指出最近的路線。拓展：indication n. 表明，指示;indicator n. 指示者
　　聽力擴(kuò)展： In the Three Kingdoms Period, during a battle between Cao Cao and Liu Bei, the latter ordered his generals Zhao Yun and Huang Zhong to capture Cao Cao’s supplies. Cao Cao led a large force against Zhao Yun, who retreated as far as the gates of his camp. There, he ordered that the banners be lowered and the war drums silenced, and that the camp gates be left wide open. Zhao Yun then stationed his troops in ambush nearly. When Cao Cao arrived and saw the situation, he immediately suspected a trap and withdrew his forces. This idiom (Yan Qi Xi Gu) is nowadays used to indicate halting an attack or ceasing all activities.三國時(shí)代，曹操與劉備交戰(zhàn)。劉備命令大將趙云、黃忠去搶奪曹操的糧食。曹操帶領(lǐng)大軍追趕趙云。趙云邊打邊退，一直退到營寨前。趙云命令士兵打開營門，放倒軍旗，停止擂鼓，在營外設(shè)好埋伏。曹軍追到，看到這種情景，懷疑有埋伏，就撤退了。“偃旗息鼓”這個(gè)成語現(xiàn)在用來比喻停止攻擊或者事情中止。【注】camp n. 營寨，帳篷;ambush n. 埋伏;withdrew v. (withdraw的過去時(shí)) 撤退

　　influence v. 影響，感化;n. 影響力，影響
　　例：His parents no longer have any real influence over him. 他的父母對他不再有任何真正的約束力了。Don’t let me influence your decision. 不要讓我影響你的決定。Listening to the music has a calming influence on her. 聽音樂對她起了一種鎮(zhèn)靜的作用。搭配：influence on/upon 影響，作用;拓展：influence over 支配力，控制力influential a. 有影響的，有勢力的
　　聽力擴(kuò)展： I had just pulled over someone for driving under the influence when another car pulled up behind us. I stopped what I was doing and walked back to see if the driver needed assistance. “No, I don’t need any help,”he said. Then, pointing to the alarming light on the roof of my police wagon, he continued, “I just stopped for the red light.”我剛剛把一個(gè)酒后駕駛的司機(jī)的車攔了下來，一輛車就緊跟著停在了我的車后面。我停下手上的工作，徑直走到后面的車那里，看看那位司機(jī)是否需要幫助。“我沒事，我不需要什么幫助”，他說。接著，他指著我警車上閃著的紅色警燈，“看到紅燈，所以我停下來了。”【注】under the influence 醉酒;police wagon 警車

　　knowledge n. ① 知識 ②了解
　　例：She has a detailed knowledge of this period. 她對這段時(shí)期的情況相當(dāng)了解。搭配：to one’s knowledge 據(jù)某人所知：To my knowledge, they get on well with each other. 據(jù)我所知，他們相處得很融洽。come to one’s knowledge 被某人知道，被某人獲悉：It has come to our knowledge that you have been taking time off without permission. 我們了解到你們時(shí)常未經(jīng)允許就不上班。拓展：knowledgeable a. 知識淵博的，有見識的
　　聽力擴(kuò)展： Once upon a time there was a small island on which lived Happy, Sad, Knowledge and Love. One day, feeling that the island was about to sink, they were ready to ship, leaving the island. Only Love to stay, she wanted to hold on until the last minute. After a few days, the small island really sank, and Love would like to be helped. At this time, Rich, riding on a ship, passed by. Love said, “Rich, you can take me away?”Rich replied, “No, I’m on board many of the treasures of gold and silver, not your position.” Sad came over. Love asked for help, “Sad, let me go with you!” “Oh. Love, I am sad too, and want to stay for a while a person!” replied Sad. Happy passed, but she was too happy, and did not hear Love! All of a sudden, a voice, “Come! Love, I take you away.” This is an elderly person. More than happy, Love forgot to ask his name. On land, the elderly walked away alone. Love asked Knowledge of an elderly person, “Who is helping me?” “He is the time.” replied the elderly Knowledge. “Time?” Love asked, “Why does he help me?”Knowledge of the elderly smiled, “Only time will understand how great love is.”從前有一個(gè)小島，上面住著快樂、悲哀、知識和愛。一天，得知小島快要下沉了，大家都準(zhǔn)備船只離開小島。只有愛留了下來，她想堅(jiān)持到最后一刻。過了幾天，小島真的要下沉了，愛想請人幫忙。這時(shí)，富裕乘著一艘大船經(jīng)過。愛說：“富裕，你能帶我走嗎?”富裕答道：“不，我的船上有許多金銀財(cái)寶，沒有你的位置。”悲哀過來了，愛向她求助：“悲哀，讓我跟你走吧!”“哦，愛，我實(shí)在太悲哀了，想自己一個(gè)人呆一會(huì)!”悲哀答道。快樂走過愛的身邊，但是她太快樂了，竟然沒有聽到愛在叫她!突然，一個(gè)聲音傳來：“過來!愛，我?guī)阕摺！边@是一位長者。愛大喜過望，竟忘了問他的名字。登上陸地以后，長者獨(dú)自走開了。愛對長者感恩不盡，問知識老人：“幫我的那個(gè)人是誰?”“他是時(shí)間。”知識老人答道。“時(shí)間?”愛問道，“為什么他要幫我?”知識老人笑道：“因?yàn)橹挥袝r(shí)間才能理解愛有多么偉大。”

　　local a. ①地方性的，當(dāng)?shù)氐?②局部的
　　例：I suggest that he put an advertisement in the local paper. 我建議他在當(dāng)?shù)氐膱?bào)紙上登條廣告。He provided local delicacies for his guests’meal. 他用當(dāng)?shù)氐拿牢都央葋碚写腿恕Ｍ卣梗簂ocality n. 位置，地點(diǎn)
　　聽力擴(kuò)展： An elderly woman and her little grandson whose face was sprinkled with bright freckles spent the day at the zoo. Lots of children were waiting in line to get their cheeks painted by a local artist who was decorating them with tiger paws. “You’ve got so many freckles there’s no place to paint!”a girl in the line said to the little fellow. Embarrassed, the little boy dropped his head. His grandmother knelt down next to him. “I love your freckles. When I was a little girl I always wanted freckles”, she said while tracing her finger across the child　s cheek, “Freckles are beautiful.”The boy looked up, “Really?” “Of course,”said the grandmother, “Just name me one thing that’s prettier than freckles in me.”The little boy thought for a moment, peering intensely into his grandma’s face, and softly whispered, “Wrinkles.”一位老太太和她長滿雀斑的小孫子一起在動(dòng)物園里游玩。很多小孩都在排隊(duì)等候一位當(dāng)?shù)氐乃囆g(shù)家在他們臉上畫出虎爪的造型。“你臉上這么多雀斑，都沒地方畫了!”隊(duì)列中有個(gè)女孩兒對小男孩說。小男孩感到很難堪，就低下頭。奶奶蹲下來對他說：“我喜歡你的雀斑，我小時(shí)候總想長這些雀斑呢，”她撫摩著男孩的臉頰，“雀斑很美麗!” 男孩抬起頭，“真的嗎?”“當(dāng)然是真的，”奶奶說，“你看我身上還有什么比雀斑更美麗呢?” 小男孩想了一下，又認(rèn)真地凝視著奶奶的面孔，小聲地說：“皺紋。”【注】freckle n. 雀斑;wrinkle n. 皺紋

　　maintain[me　n　te　n] v. 維持，堅(jiān)持
　　例：Mankind has been trying every means to maintain the balance of nature. 人類想方設(shè)法維持生態(tài)平衡。拓展：maintenance n. 維護(hù)，生活費(fèi)
　　聽力擴(kuò)展：
　　A: I also dislike having to listen to advertisements when they are broadcast in stores or on the subway.
　　B: I couldn’t agree more. That annoys me too. With billboards, you can look away, but with broadcasts, you can’t avoid them.
　　A: Do you like the way that advertising agencies use comedy in their campaign?
　　B: I suppose I do. I don’t like the way that advertising campaign often tells you if you don’t buy a certain product, you’re not cool or modern or something.
　　A: That kind of advertising seems to be very common with brand name products. They are always trying to maintain brand loyalty.
　　A：我不喜歡聽商店和地鐵里面播放的廣告。
　　B：我完全同意。我也討厭那種廣告。如果是廣告牌，你可以不看它;但是廣播，你卻沒法兒不聽。
　　A：你喜歡廣告宣傳里面的幽默嗎?
　　B：喜歡。我不喜歡那種老是告訴你，如果你不買某個(gè)產(chǎn)品，你就不夠酷，不夠時(shí)尚之類的廣告宣傳。
　　A：品牌產(chǎn)品常常這樣，它們總是想讓人們忠實(shí)于品牌。【注】billboards n. 廣告牌

　　nature n. ①自然，自然界，自然狀態(tài) ② 本性，性質(zhì)
　　例：Cats and dogs have quite different natures—dogs like company, and cats are independent. 貓和狗的習(xí)性迥異——狗喜歡有伴兒，貓愛獨(dú)來獨(dú)往。It’s her nature to be generous. 慷慨大方是她的天性。搭配：in nature 性質(zhì)上，本質(zhì)上：The liberation of the whole nation in 1949 was a great change in nature. 1949年的全國解放是本質(zhì)上的改變。in the nature of sth. 與……類似，以……風(fēng)格：His speech is in the nature of an apology. 他講的話就算是道歉。拓展：natural a. 自然的，自然界的
　　聽力擴(kuò)展：
　　W: Mike, come and look at this painting of shrimps! It is so simple yet so vivid!
　　M: Yeah. It is incredible! Is it the work of Qi Baishi?
　　W: Yes, it is. How do you know that?
　　M: Well, Qi is famous all over the world, isn’t he? Besides I am quite interested in Chinese painting.
　　W: Cool! What kind of Chinese painting do you prefer, Xie Yi or Gong Bi?
　　M: I prefer Xie Yi painting, especially the landscape paintings. I can always sense peace and harmony from those landscape paintings.
　　W: That’s true. Chinese art stresses the harmony between Man and Nature, which is an important part of China　s traditional culture.
　　女：邁克，快來看這幅蝦戲圖!簡單但卻非常生動(dòng)!
　　男：是啊。簡直令人難以置信! 這是齊白石的作品嗎?
　　女：是的。你怎么知道的?
　　男：這個(gè)嘛，齊白石世界聞名，不是嗎? 而且我對中國畫很感興趣。
　　女：你真棒!寫意和工筆兩種中國畫，你更喜歡哪種?
　　男：我更喜歡寫意畫，尤其是風(fēng)景畫。風(fēng)景畫能讓人體味平靜與和諧。
　　女：的確如此。中國藝術(shù)強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的和諧，這也是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。【注】shrimp n. 小蝦;incredible a. 難以置信的