advertise v. 登廣告，為……做廣告
　　例：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it. 如果要推銷產品，就必須登廣告。I advertised him of my plan. 我告訴他我的計劃。搭配：advertise for… 登廣告(征詢)……：We are currently advertising for a new sales manager. 目前，我們公司公開征聘銷售經理。拓展：advertisement n. 廣告

　　afford v. ①負擔得起 ②提供，給予
　　例：These trees afford a pleasant shade. 這些樹提供了蔭涼。She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work. 她覺得再也抽不出時間歇班了。搭配：can (can’t) afford to 承擔得起(承擔不起)：We cannot afford to ignore this warning. 我們對這個警告不能等閑視之。

　　approach n. ①接近 ②途徑;v. 靠近，接近
　　例：All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宮殿的所有道路都有部隊把守。The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 機會來了，我們該想想買新房的事了。搭配：at the approach of 隨著……的臨近：At the approach of the coming of spring, all plants begin to revive. 春天來了，萬物復蘇了。approach sb. for/about sth. 為某事同某人打交道：He approached the bank for a loan. 他向銀行申請貸款。拓展：approachable a. 可接近的，平易近人的

　　aspect n. ①方面 ②方位，方向
　　例：The historical aspect formed the main theme of her essay. 她的論文的主題是由歷史觀點貫穿起來的。On the course she received a thorough training in every aspect of the job. 在訓練班上, 她接受了有關這個工作的全方位的訓練。
　　聽力擴展： A woman was singing. One of the guests turned to a man by his side and criticized the singer. “What a terrible voice!” he said, “Do you know who she is?” “Yes,” was the answer, “She is my wife.” “Oh, I beg your pardon.” the man said, “Of course her voice isn’t bad. As to the song’s aspect, I wondered who wrote that awful song?” “I did.”was the answer.一個女人正在唱歌。 一位客人轉向他身邊的一個男人并批評這位女歌手。他說道，“多難聽的聲音啊!”“你知道她是誰嗎?”“是的，”男子回答到,“她是我妻子。”“天啊，實在是不好意思啊，”客人說道，“其實她的嗓音不錯，至于這首歌，我就納悶了誰寫出這么難聽的歌曲啊。”“我寫的。”男人回答到。【注】criticize v. 批評

　　assume v. ①假定，設想 ②承擔
　　例：She was in arrogance to assume she would win every time. 她認為每次都能贏，未免太自大了。I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我錯了，我愿為此承擔責任。搭配：assume sb. to 以為，認為：I had assumed him to be an American. 我本以為他是美國人。拓展：assumption n. 假定，假設，(權力的)獲得
　　聽力擴展：
　　Kate: Mom, do you assume what I　m going to give you for your birthday?
　　Mom: No, Honey. What?
　　Kate: A nice teapot.
　　Mom: But I’ve got a nice teapot.
　　Kate: No, you haven’t. I’ve just dropped it.
　　凱特：媽媽，你知道我要給你一件什么生日禮物嗎?
　　媽媽：不知道，寶貝，是什么呀?
　　凱特：一把漂亮的茶壺。
　　媽媽：可是我已經有一把漂亮的茶壺了呀。
　　凱特：不，沒有了。我剛剛把它給摔碎了。【注】teapot n. 茶壺

　　attach v. ①附上，系上，貼上 ②使依戀
　　例：This middle school is attached to a teachers-college. 這所中學附屬于一所師范院校。We are much attached to each other. 我們之間感情深厚。搭配：attach sth. to 附在……上：Attach the coupon to the front of your letter. 把優惠券附在信的正面。attach sb. to 參與，參加：He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn’t get rid of him. 在聚會上他老是纏著我，我簡直無法擺脫他。拓展：attachment n.①依戀，愛慕 ②附件
　　聽力擴展： Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed. We need help from, and also give help to, others. In the modern age, people attach more importance to relations and connections. A man of charisma has many friends. His power lies in his ability to give. The term friend covers a wide range of meanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a confident, a partner, a playmate, a brother, an intimate etc. As life is full of strife and conflict, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties. Our friends give us warnings against danger. True friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow.人人都需要友誼，沒有人能獨自在人生的海洋中航行。我們給予幫助，同時也需要幫助。如今，人們更重視關系和聯系。一個有領袖氣質的人有許多朋友，他的權力在于他的給予能力。朋友的意義很廣，可以是熟人、同志、知己、伙伴、玩伴、兄弟、密友等。生活充滿矛盾和斗爭，我們需要朋友的支持，以幫助我們擺脫困境。朋友提醒我們警惕險難。真正的朋友不僅與我們同甘，而且共苦。【注】charisma n. 超凡魅力;more often than not往往

　　attitude n. ①態度，看法 ②姿勢
　　例：It’s not his work that bothers me; it　s his attitude. 困擾我的不是他的工作，而是他的態度。Don’t give me your attitude. 別跟我擺架子。搭配：take an attitude towards/to 對……的看法：He takes a mellow attitude to life. 他對生活有成熟的看法。
　　聽力擴展：One old person complained to the doctor that his right ear was giving him trouble; he couldn’t hear. So the doctor checked, checked, checked, listened, listened and said, “Oh, you know your ear trouble is an old age problem. Your ear is getting old. That’s why you can’t hear.”So the patient said with a bad attitude, “Nonsense, the left ear is just as old.”有個老人向醫生抱怨右耳有問題，聽不見。醫生檢查又檢查、聽了又聽，然后說：“哦!你知道嗎?你耳朵有毛病是因為年老的關系，你的右耳已經老化了，所以才聽不到。”病人態度粗魯地說道：“胡說!我的左耳也一樣老呀!”【注】complain v. 抱怨

　　attract v. 吸引，引起……的注意
　　例：The flower show attracted large crowds this year. 今年的花展吸引了大批觀眾。搭配：attract sb.(to sb./sth.) 吸引，使喜歡：What attracted me to her was her sense of humour. 吸引我的是她的幽默感。拓展：attractive a. 吸引人的

　　average n. 平均數;a. 普通的，平常的
　　例：Rainfall this year exceeded the yearly average. 今年的雨量超過了年平均降雨量。搭配：on (the/an) average 平均，一般來說：In winter, the temperature here is 2℃ on average. 冬天，這里的平均溫度是2攝氏度。averagely a. 平均地，一般地
　　聽力擴展： The average cost of saving one seal was $80,000. At a special ceremony, two of the most expensively-saved animals were released into the wild among cheers and applause from people. A minute later, a killer whale ate them both.救援每只海豹的平均費用達到8萬美元。在一個特別的儀式上，有兩只花巨款拯救回來的海豹，在人們的歡呼和掌聲中被放回大自然。一分鐘后，它們雙雙被殺人鯨吞入肚中。【注】release v. 釋放，解放;applause n. 掌聲

　　belief n. ①相信 ②信念，信仰
　　例：There was a happy chime of belief and practice in everything she said. 她所說的每一件事都體現了信仰和行動的完美和諧。His firmness on his belief supported him in difficulties. 困境中，他堅定的信仰支撐著他。搭配：beyond belief 令人難以置信：Dissatisfaction with the government has grown beyond belief. 對政府的不滿已經達到令人難以置信的程度。
　　聽力擴展： An ass once found a lion’s skin. He put it on and his belief was that others would be scared, then he walked towards the village. All fled when he came near, both men and animals. The ass felt quite proud. He lifted his voice and shouted, but then everyone knew him. His owner came up and gave him a sound whipping. Shortly afterwards, a fox came up to him and said, “Ah, I knew it was you by your voice.”有頭驢發現一張獅子皮，他披著它，心想其他人一定會怕他，然后走進村莊。所有的人和動物見到他走過來都逃走了。驢感到很得意，他高聲地嘶叫，卻被人認了出來。他的主人跑過來打了他一頓。不久，一只狐貍也跑過來，對他說：“哦，你一張嘴我就知道你是驢。”【注】whip v. 鞭打