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第4課
主謂一致：指的就是給出主語，要求判斷謂語動詞是用單數還是復數的問題。
一、就近原則：
指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構成時，由離謂語動詞近的那部分主語來決定謂語動詞的單復數。
只有當以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時就近原則才適用：
1. or 或者；2. either … or … 不是…就是… ，…或… ；3. neither … nor … 既不…也不… ；
4. not only … but also … 不但…而且… ；5. not … but … 不是…而是…
例如：主語1 or 主語2 謂語動詞。 此時由主語2決定謂語動詞。
10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
A Are B Where C Is D Does
如果題目改變為：Either he or his accountants ___ going … 則應選A
二、句子謂語動詞一定用復數的兩種情況：
1. 集合名詞做主語，集合名詞沒有復數形式，因為他本身就代表一個復數概念。
常見的幾個復合名詞：people 人民，人們；police 警察；cattle 牛；poultry 家禽。
2. 表示數量的復數名詞+ 不可數名詞，整體做主語時
例如：去年出口了八百萬頓煤。Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.
三、謂語動詞一定用單數的六種情況：
1. 句子的主語是由從句充當的、動詞不定式短語作主語、動名詞短語作主語；
2. 表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面的詞做主語；
399. -- “How many days?”
0 -- “Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”
A are B were C was D is
3. 表示單數概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞也用單數；
因為此結構中短語只是對主語提供附加說明情況，所以謂語動詞也用單數。
當以下這些標志性的介詞或介詞短語出現在此結構中時可以不管中間的附加說明情況：
with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as
注意：表示復數概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞應用復數。
4. each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個詞中任何一個所構成的復合代詞作主語時；
some經常構成的三個復合代詞：something, somebody, someone；
no經常構成的三個復合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one；either of + 短語；
5. 通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復數，但在以下兩種情況下則應用單數；
1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物；
2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個詞修飾時；
例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。be supposed to do sth. 理應，應該做某事。
Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.
11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.
A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them
many a(an) 很多，相當于many；many a(an) + 可數名詞單數，做主語時謂語動詞用單數。
6. many a (an) + 可數名詞單數，作主語時謂語動詞用單數。
9.Not onlyJoanbuther sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.
A have known B know C knows D is knowing
not only … but also … 的一種變形形式，not only … but …
另一種變形形式not only … but … as well
combination n. 密碼；combination to the safe 保險箱密碼；securities有價證券。
-------------------------2000-01-------------------------
41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _A_ too long.
A has been reading B had read C is reading D read
had read 過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。
has been reading 現在完成進行時：指某行為從過去一點到現在一直在進行。
42.Niagara Fallsis a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.
A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement
tourist attraction 旅游勝地；attention n. 注意力；appointment n. 委任的職位，約會；
date n. 日期，約會，棗；表示約會時指的是異性之間的私人約會。arrangement n. 布置，安排
blind date 兩人第一次見面的約會。appointment 指公事性質的，比較正式的約會。
43. I don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A you to delay making B your delaying making
C your delaying to make D you delay to make
mind 后要加動名詞；delay v. 耽擱，延誤（后面也要加動名詞）
45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in
A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating
46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.
A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated
注意：seat是及物動詞，及物動詞用主動形式，后面要直接加賓語。
Be seated please. 請坐。 英語中只有及物動詞才有被動語態。
47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.
A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn
當wear表穿戴時，而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時，wear是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態。
65. The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.
A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted
字根trans在四級中著重考的含義是“從一個地方到另一個地方”。
transform 改革，變革，改變；transport 運輸；transfer 轉移，移動；
transmit 傳送，播送；疾病的傳染，傳播；transplant 移植。
48. Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals.
A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted
49. Wouldn't you rather your child _B_ to bed early?
A go B went C would go D goes
would rather的兩種用法：1 would rather + 動詞原形；
2 would rather + 句子（句子謂語動詞用一般過去時體現虛擬語氣）。
50. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life. [wonder后面要加疑問詞]
A that B what C it D this
51. The words of his old teacher left a _C_ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them. [lasting adj. 持久的，永久的；liberal adj. 開明的，心胸開闊的]
A long B lively C lasting D liberal
52. Mike's uncle insists _D_ in this hotel.
A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay
insist的兩種用法：1 insist on … 堅持，堅決要求；
2 insist + that引導的從句（從句謂語動詞為[should] + 動詞原形）
53. We agree to accept _D_ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever
they thought是插入語，可以不看；tourist guide 導游。
56. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _C_ it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.
A by which B to which C in that D so that
