評(píng)論
打印
(5)狀語(yǔ)從句
真題：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)
答案：whatever it is(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
真題：I am going to pursue this course, __________(無(wú)論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).(2007.12)
答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
真題：Some psychologists claim that people __________(出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))(2006.12)
答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
【真題】__________(大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)
【解析】本題考查對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句的掌握。漢語(yǔ)中“所關(guān)心的”實(shí)際上是指“所關(guān)心的事情”，用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)則使用what引導(dǎo)的從句。What在主語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。“關(guān)心”可以用be concerned about表達(dá)。
【答案】What most parents are concerned about
注：從句的用法參見(jiàn)完形填空部分對(duì)從句的講解。
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：
(1)(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形;
(2)if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句;
(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。
【真題】You would not have failed if__________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)
【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders
【解析】本題較為容易，按照漢語(yǔ)意思直譯。考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)：首先最重要的考點(diǎn)是if從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查;根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應(yīng)該采用had+過(guò)去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu);第二是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表達(dá)為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達(dá)，兩者選其一就可以;注意很多學(xué)生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語(yǔ)you，造成不必要的失分。
【真題】The victim __________(本來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)
【解析】本句考查對(duì)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的掌握。在與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件下，if引導(dǎo)的條件句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，主句謂語(yǔ)一般使用would have done。
【答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival
注：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法參見(jiàn)完形填空填空部分對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解。
3.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝，即只有系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞參與的倒裝。常見(jiàn)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類：
(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首時(shí)所導(dǎo)致的倒裝。
Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.
以前我很少去劇院，但是現(xiàn)在不同了。
(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，將if省略，把should, had, were提至主語(yǔ)前，形成倒裝。
Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.
如果我是你，絕對(duì)不會(huì)答應(yīng)那么做的。
(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝。為突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時(shí)，實(shí)行倒裝，如：
A.so 倒裝句
So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食。
B.以某些表示肯定的副詞開(kāi)頭作狀語(yǔ)：only, often, then
Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.
然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。
Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.
我們只有通過(guò)努力工作才能獲得想要的東西。
