評論
打印
The Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to Claudia Goldin for her work on the gap between men and women in the workplace.
（瑞典皇家科學院將）諾貝爾經濟學獎授予克勞迪婭·戈爾丁，以表彰她對職場男女差距的研究。
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize on Monday.
瑞典皇家科學院周一宣布了該獎項。
The 77-year-old Goldin is only the third woman among 93 past Nobel economics prizewinners.
現年77歲的戈爾丁是過去93位諾貝爾經濟學獎得主中的第三位女性。
She is a professor at Harvard University.
她是哈佛大學的教授。
Goldin's research has shown that even in the field of economics, women earn about 13 percent less than men.
戈爾丁的研究表明，即使在經濟學領域，女性的收入也比男性低約13%。
The pay gap prevents some women from continuing their education.
工資差距阻礙了一些女性繼續接受教育。
The Nobel committee credits Goldin with finding missing data to better explain continuing differences between both the pay and work involvement, or participation, of men and women.
諾貝爾委員會認為，戈爾丁發現了缺失的數據，更好地解釋了男性和女性在薪酬和工作參與度之間的持續差異。
The group called Goldin "a detective" who found new data sources and "creative ways to use them to measure these unknowns."
該組織稱戈爾丁為“偵探”，她發現了新的數據來源，并“創造性地利用它們來衡量這些未知因素”。
Goldin studied information related to female participation in the workplace over 200 years and found that their pay started low and never caught up to men.
戈爾丁研究了200多年來女性參與工作的相關信息，發現她們的薪酬一開始就很低，且從未趕上男性。
She looked at women whose jobs went uncounted, such as those who worked on farms alongside their husbands or made clothing at home.
她研究了那些工作未被統計在內的女性，比如那些和丈夫一起在農場工作或在家做衣服的女性。
Goldin said the pay gap that existed then still exists today, even as women gain higher levels of education than men.
戈爾丁說，盡管如今女性受教育程度高于男性，但過去存在的薪酬差距今天仍然存在。
In the 1990s, she said, American women led the world in their labor participation rate.
她說，在20世紀90年代，美國女性的勞動市場參與率位居世界前列。
But the rate has dropped since then.
但自那以后，這一比率有所下降。
"I think something has happened in America," Goldin said.
戈爾丁說：“我認為美國發生了一些事情”。
"We have to ... ask questions about piecing together the family, the home ... with the marketplace and employment."
“我們必須……問一些有關家庭……與市場和就業之間聯系的問題。”
Even as women have made education gains, Goldin notes, they still often feel pressure to stay at home to care for children or to choose jobs that permit them to be available to children.
戈爾丁指出，盡管女性的教育水平有所提高，但她們仍然經常感到壓力，她們需要留在家里照顧孩子，或者選擇一份能騰出時間照顧孩子的工作。
"They graduate from college at much higher rates than men.
“她們的大學畢業率遠遠高于男性。
They do better in high school than men do.
她們在高中的成績比男性要好。
So why are there these differences?" Goldin asked.
那么為什么會有這些差異呢？”戈爾丁問道。
Randi Hjalmarsson of the Nobel committee said Goldin's work does not provide specific solutions to the problem.
諾貝爾委員會的蘭迪·亞爾馬松說，戈爾丁的研究沒有為這個問題提供具體的解決方案。
However, she said Goldin did identify "the source of the gap, and how it's changed over time ..."
然而，她說，戈爾丁確實找到了“差距的來源，以及它是如何隨著時間的推移而變化的……”
Hjalmarsson added, "By finally understanding the problem and calling it by the right name, we will be able to pave a better route forward."
亞爾馬松補充說：“通過最終了解這個問題并用正確的名稱來稱呼它，我們將能夠鋪設一條更好的前進路線。”
Goldin suggested men need to do a better job sharing childcare and work responsibilities.
戈爾丁建議，男性需要更好地分擔育兒和工作責任。
Women, she said, often miss out on career progress that comes with working longer hours or on weekends because they feel pressure to care for children.
她說，女性經常會因為照顧孩子的壓力而錯過由加長工作時間或周末加班帶來的職業發展機會。
She also suggested that the U.S. government put more money into after-school programs.
她還建議美國政府在課后項目上投入更多資金。
"Very few of us have jobs that finish at 3 p.m.," she said.
她說：“我們很少有人在下午3點下班”。
Goldin noted that women in Canada, France and Japan currently have a higher labor participation rate than those in the U.S.
戈爾丁指出，目前加拿大、法國和日本的女性勞動市場參與率高于美國。
Goldin said some of the work still needs to be done by couples.
戈爾丁說，有些工作仍然需要由夫妻共同完成。
She notes that "couple equity also leads to more gender equity."
她指出，“夫妻平等也會帶來更多的性別平等。”
Goldin also noted that girls pay attention to how their mothers participated in work and that "each generation (learns) from the successes and failures of preceding generations."
戈爾丁還指出，女孩們會關注她們的母親是如何參與工作的，“每一代人都會從前幾代人的成功和失敗中吸取教訓。”
The prize comes with an award of about $1 million and will be presented at a ceremony in Sweden later this year.
該獎項的獎金約為100萬美元，將于今年晚些時候在瑞典舉行的頒獎典禮上頒發。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德爾為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
