評論
打印
Foreign governments have evacuated hundreds of diplomats and other citizens from Sudan since Sunday.
自周日以來，外國政府已經從蘇丹撤離了數百名外交官和其他公民。
For Sudanese, the evacuation is a sign that international powers expect conditions to worsen in the North African nation.
對蘇丹人來說，撤離是一個表明國際大國預計這個北非國家的局勢將會惡化的跡象。
The fighting between forces loyal to two top Sudanese generals has killed over 420 and injured more than 3,700.
忠于兩名蘇丹高級將領的軍隊之間的戰斗已造成420多人死亡，3700多人受傷。
The country is at risk of collapse and the fighting could affect others far beyond its borders.
該國正面臨崩潰的危險，戰斗可能會影響到該國邊界之外的其他國家。
The leaders of the two fighting forces are General Abdel Fattah Burhan, head of the armed forces, and General Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo of a paramilitary group known as the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
這兩支戰斗部隊的領導人是武裝部隊總司令阿卜杜勒-法塔赫·布爾漢將軍和準軍事組織快速支援部隊的穆罕默德·哈姆丹·達加洛將軍。
The two generals came to power after pro-democracy protests led to the 2019 ouster of long-time ruler Omar al-Bashir.
這兩位將軍是在2019年親民主抗議活動導致長期統治者奧馬爾·巴希爾下臺后上臺的。
In 2021, the two joined forces to seize power from a civilian government.
2021年，兩人聯手從平民政府手中奪取政權。
In recent months, negotiations were underway for a return to a democratic political system.
近幾個月來，有關恢復民主政治制度的談判正在進行。
Tensions between Burhan and Dagalo worsened during negotiations to reach a final agreement.
在達成最終協議的談判期間，布爾漢和達加洛之間的緊張關系進一步惡化。
The main dispute is over how the RSF would be mixed into the military and who would have control over fighters and weapons.
主要的爭議是快速支援部隊將如何融入武裝部隊，以及誰將控制部隊和武器。
Alex De Waal is a Sudan expert at Tufts University.
亞歷克斯·德瓦爾是塔夫茨大學的蘇丹問題專家。
He wrote in a note to colleagues this week that the conflict should be seen as "the first round of a civil war."
本周，他在給同事的一份短箋中寫道，這場沖突應該被視為“內戰的第一輪”。
Sudan is Africa's third-largest country by area.
蘇丹是非洲面積第三大的國家。
The country uneasily shares the waters of the Nile River with Egypt and Ethiopia.
該國不安地與埃及和埃塞俄比亞共享尼羅河水域。
Egypt relies on the Nile to support its population of over 100 million.
埃及依靠尼羅河養活其1億多人口。
Ethiopia is working on a huge dam to contain water upstream.
埃塞俄比亞正在修建一座巨型大壩，以控制上游的水。
Egypt has close ties to Sudan's military, which it sees as an ally against Ethiopia.
埃及與蘇丹武裝部隊關系密切，埃及將蘇丹武裝部隊視為其對抗埃塞俄比亞的盟友。
Egypt has contacted both sides in Sudan to press for a cease-fire.
埃及已經聯系蘇丹雙方，敦促雙方停火。
But Egypt is unlikely to stand by if the military faces defeat.
但如果武裝部隊面臨失敗，埃及不太可能會袖手旁觀。
Sudan borders five other countries: Libya, Chad, the Central African Republic, Eritrea, and South Sudan.
蘇丹與其他五個國家接壤：利比亞、乍得、中非共和國、厄立特里亞和南蘇丹。
Nearly all of them face internal conflict, with different rebel groups operating along the borders.
幾乎所有這些國家都面臨著內部沖突，不同的反叛組織在邊境沿線活動。
"What happens in Sudan will not stay in Sudan," said Alan Boswell of the International Crisis Group.
國際危機組織的艾倫·博斯韋爾說：“蘇丹發生的事情不會只發生在蘇丹。”
"Chad and South Sudan look most immediately at risk of potential spillover.
“乍得和南蘇丹看起來最有可能會立即面臨潛在的溢出風險。
But the longer (the fighting) drags on the more likely it is we see major external intervention."
但戰斗拖得越久，我們就越有可能會看到大的外部干預。”
Arab Gulf countries have looked to Africa in recent years as they have sought to project power across the area.
近年來，海灣阿拉伯國家一直將目光投向非洲，試圖在該地區投射力量。
The United Arab Emirates has close ties to the Rapid Support Forces.
阿聯酋與快速支援部隊關系密切。
The group sent thousands of fighters to aid the UAE and Saudi Arabia in their war against Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen.
該組織曾派出數千名戰士協助阿聯酋和沙特阿拉伯對抗伊朗支持的也門胡塞叛軍。
Russia has long had plans to build a naval base at Port Sudan that could support up to 300 troops and four ships.
俄羅斯長期以來一直計劃在蘇丹港建立一個海軍基地，該基地可容納多達300名士兵和4艘軍艦。
The Red Sea port is on the busy trading route for energy shipments to Europe.
這個紅海港口位于向歐洲出口能源的繁忙貿易路線上。
The Wagner Group is a Russian mercenary organization with close ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin's government.
瓦格納集團是一個與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京政府關系密切的俄羅斯雇傭兵組織。
The group has been operating in Sudan since 2017.
該組織自2017年以來一直在蘇丹活動。
The United States and the European Union have established economic measures against two Wagner-linked companies.
美國和歐盟已經對兩家與瓦格納集團有關聯的公司采取了經濟措施。
The gold mining companies were accused of smuggling.
金礦公司被指控走私。
Sudan became an outsider nation when it sheltered Osama bin Laden and other militants in the 1990s.
20世紀90年代，蘇丹在庇護了烏薩馬·本·拉登和其他武裝分子后成為一個局外者。
Omar al-Bashir, the country's ruler at the time, had led a hard-line Islamist government.
蘇丹當時的統治者奧馬爾·巴希爾領導了一個強硬的伊斯蘭政府。
Sudan's isolation deepened over the conflict in western Darfur in the 2000s.
21世紀初，蘇丹因達爾富爾西部的沖突而變得更加孤立。
At the time, the Sudanese forces and tribal fighters were accused of carrying out war crimes while suppressing a local rebellion.
當時，蘇丹軍隊和部落戰士被指控在鎮壓當地叛亂時犯下戰爭罪。
The International Criminal Court later charged al-Bashir with genocide.
國際刑事法院后來指控巴希爾犯有種族滅絕罪。
The U.S. removed Sudan from its list of state supporters of terrorism after the government in Khartoum agreed to establish ties with Israel in 2020.
在喀土穆政府于2020年同意與以色列建立外交關系后，美國將蘇丹從支持恐怖主義的國家名單中移除。
But billions of dollars in loans and aid were suspended after the 2021 military takeover.
但在2021年軍方接管后，數十億美元的貸款和援助被暫停。
The lack of foreign support, inflation and the war in Ukraine have all hurt Sudan's economy.
缺乏外國支持、通貨膨脹和烏克蘭戰爭都損害了蘇丹的經濟。
Armed groups in Sudan have long enriched themselves through the control of minerals and other natural resources.
蘇丹的武裝部隊長期以來通過控制礦產和其他自然資源而致富。
Dagalo has large farm animal holdings and gold mining operations.
達加洛擁有大量農場動物飼養場和金礦開采業務。
He is also believed to have been paid by Gulf countries for the RSF's services in fighting rebels in Yemen.
據信，他還從海灣國家那里獲得了快速支援部隊在也門打擊叛軍的報酬。
The Sudanese military under Burhan controls much of the country's economy.
布爾漢領導下的蘇丹武裝部隊控制著該國的大部分經濟。
It also depends on businessmen who grew rich during al-Bashir's long rule.
它還依賴在巴希爾長期統治期間致富的商人。
De Waal of Tufts University said control over money is as important as over the battlefield.
塔夫茨大學的德瓦爾說，控制金錢與控制戰場一樣重要。
"(The military) will want to take control of gold mines and smuggling routes.
他說：“武裝部隊想要控制金礦和走私路線。
The RSF will want to interrupt major transport arteries including the road from Port Sudan to Khartoum," he said.
快速支援部隊想要阻斷主要的交通要道，包括從蘇丹港到喀土穆的道路。”
I'm Mario Ritter Jr. And I'm Jill Robbins.
小馬里奧·里特、吉爾·羅賓斯為您共同播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
