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Indonesia is one of the world's largest coal-producing countries.
印度尼西亞是世界上最大的煤炭生產國之一。
But it has agreed to reduce its use of fossil fuels in the coming years.
但該國已同意在未來幾年減少化石燃料的使用。
Indonesia reached five agreements to reduce its emissions of carbon gases last year.
印度尼西亞去年達成了五項減少碳排放的協議。
These included the $20 billion Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) deal.
其中包括價值200億美元的“公正能源轉型伙伴關系”協議。
It was reached during the Group of 20 meeting in Bali last November.
該協議是去年11月在巴厘島舉行的二十國集團會議上達成的。
The deal aims to turn one of the largest coal-producing countries toward clean energy resources.
該協議旨在使該最大煤炭生產國轉向清潔能源。
But experts warn many difficulties need to be overcome.
但專家警告稱，還有許多困難需要克服。
David Elzinga is with the Asian Development Bank.
戴維·埃爾津加就職于亞洲開發銀行。
He said that Indonesia's energy transition is "very unique."
他說，印度尼西亞的能源轉型是“非常獨特的”。
That is because of the country's high economic growth, geography, population centers and possibilities for "clean energy," he said.
他說，這是因為該國的經濟高速發展、地理位置、人口密度和開發“清潔能源”的可能性。
Indonesia has the ability to create electricity from the sun, dams, the Earth's heat, and wind.
印度尼西亞有能力利用太陽、水壩、地熱和風發電。
But the International Renewable Energy Agency says only about 12 percent of its energy potential is used.
但國際可再生能源機構表示，該國只有大約12%的能源潛力得到了利用。
Nearly all energy demand is met by coal, gas, and oil, with 60 percent coming from coal.
幾乎所有的能源需求都是由煤炭、天然氣和石油來滿足的，其中60%來自煤炭。
The International Energy Agency says that, in 2021, Indonesia's emissions from the energy industry equaled around 600 million tons of carbon dioxide.
國際能源機構表示，2021年，印度尼西亞能源行業的排放量約為6億噸二氧化碳。
That is the world's ninth highest emissions total.
該排放總量位居世界第九高。
Indonesia has the world's fourth largest population.
印度尼西亞是世界第四人口大國。
Its population and economic growth are expected to increase the country's energy use by three times by 2050.
預計到2050年，該國的人口和經濟增長將會使該國的能源使用量增加三倍。
Elzinga said it is hard to make changes when there is such large growth.
埃爾津加說，在增長如此之多的情況下，很難做出改變。
Many more-developed economies have bigger goals for renewable energy.
許多更發達的經濟體在可再生能源方面有更大的目標。
But researchers say no country is currently meeting world climate goals.
但研究人員表示，目前沒有一個國家達到世界氣候目標。
Indonesian officials have started to change.
印度尼西亞官員已經開始做出改變。
For example, they have announced new rules for solar energy.
例如，他們宣布了太陽能的新規定。
They have also set a goal to increase electric car sales to 25 percent of total vehicle sales by 2030.
他們還制定了一個目標，即到2030年將電動汽車銷量提高到汽車總銷量的25%。
But experts warn Indonesia is behind other Southeast Asian nations.
但專家警告稱，印度尼西亞落后于其他東南亞國家。
With the JETP deal, Indonesia is promising to reach "net zero" emissions from its power industry by 2050.
根據“公正能源轉型伙伴關系”協議，印度尼西亞承諾到2050年實現其電力行業的“凈零”排放。
That means the country promises to balance the carbon emissions released with carbon that is collected.
這意味著該國承諾平衡碳排放與碳收集。
Indonesia is also promising that renewable energy will make up over one third of all power creation by 2030.
印度尼西亞還承諾，到2030年，可再生能源將占到所有電力來源的三分之一以上。
But Elrika Hamdi said financing remains a problem.
但埃爾里卡·哈姆迪表示，資金仍然是一個問題。
She is an energy finance expert at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.
她是能源經濟與金融分析研究所的能源金融專家。
One estimate says Indonesia will need up to $2.4 trillion in investment across its energy system by 2050.
據估計，到2050年，印尼整個能源系統將需要高達2.4萬億美元的投資。
"We still have a long way to go to find out...how we could gather up the financing to do this," said Hamdi.
哈姆迪說：“我們還有很長的路要走……我們如何才能籌集到資金來做這件事。”
Another concern raised by activists is that the JETP deal does not make clear whether Indonesia would face any restrictions for building new coal plants.
活動人士提出的另一個擔憂是，“公正能源轉型伙伴關系”協議沒有明確說明印尼在建設新的燃煤電廠方面是否會面臨任何限制。
A 2022 presidential rule permits coal plants that were planned earlier to be built.
2022年總統的一項規定允許建造之前計劃的燃煤電廠。
Coal is a valuable part of Indonesia's economy.
煤炭是印尼經濟的重要組成部分。
The country is the largest exporter by weight in the world.
按重量計算，該國是世界上最大的出口國。
The war in Ukraine has also caused an increase in energy prices.
烏克蘭戰爭也導致能源價格上漲。
High prices will likely remain for the next two or three years, Hamdi said.
哈姆迪說，未來兩三年，價格可能會居高不下。
"You can understand the rationale for them wanting to develop their industries and their natural resources," Elzinga said.
埃爾津加：“你可以理解他們想要發展他們的工業和自然資源的根本原因”。
PLN is Indonesia's state-owned electricity company.
PLN是印尼國有電力公司。
In a statement to The Associated Press, the chief of PLN said that the company has already cancelled some coal power plants.
在給美聯社的一份聲明中，PLN的負責人表示，該公司已經取消了一些燃煤電廠。
The official said he is "committed to lead the energy transition in Indonesia."
這位高級職員說，他“致力于領導印尼的能源轉型”。
Daniel Kurniawan is a researcher for the Institute for Essential Services Reform based in the capital Jakarta.
丹尼爾·庫尼亞萬是總部設在首都雅加達的基本服務改革研究所的研究員。
He said Indonesia has not developed a strong solar energy policy.
他說，印尼尚未制定強有力的太陽能政策。
He said there is a lack of political will for Indonesia to move away from coal power.
他說，印尼缺乏放棄燃煤發電的政治意愿。
But, he added, "That is bound to change with JETP."
但是，他補充說，“這種情況肯定會因‘公正能源轉型伙伴關系’協議而改變?！?/p>
Muliawan Margadana is with the Indonesia Mining Association.
穆利亞萬·馬加達納就職于印度尼西亞礦業協會。
He raised concerns over communities dependent on the coal industry.
他對依賴煤炭工業的社區表示擔憂。
In East Kalimantan, for example, coal makes up 35 percent of the economy and employs nearly nine percent of the population.
例如，在東加里曼丹省，煤炭占經濟總量的35%，雇傭了近9%的人口。
But Margadana and Hamdi said that retraining workers is possible.
但馬加達納和哈姆迪表示，對工人進行再培訓是可能的。
The money should be spent "to help these impacted workers, whether through upskilling, reskilling, or community development," added Hamdi.
哈姆迪補充說，這筆錢應該用來“幫助這些受影響的工人，無論是通過提高技能、再培訓還是社區發展?！?/p>
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·諾瓦克為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
