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Deforestation fell from 27,700 square kilometres (10,700 square miles) in 2004 to 4,400 square kilometres in 2012.
森林砍伐面積從2004年的27,700平方公里(10,700平方英里)下降到2012年的4,400平方公里。
By the same token, after centuries of decline, Brazil’s indigenous population has been enjoying a sustained increase, from fewer than 100,000 in 1960 to 1.1m today, thanks to better health care and the protection of their lands and livelihoods.
同樣，在經歷了幾個世紀的衰落后，巴西的土著人口一直在持續增長，從1960年的不到10萬人增長到今天的110萬人，這要感謝更好的醫療保健以及對他們土地和生計的保護。
Over the past decade environmental progress has reversed, however, owing both to pressure from the farmers’ lobby and budget cuts.
然而，在過去十年中，由于來自農民游說團體的壓力和預算削減，環境進步出現了逆轉。
The fate of Messrs Pereira and Phillips highlights new threats.
佩雷拉和菲利普斯的命運凸顯了新的威脅。
As Brazil has become a big consumer and exporter of cocaine, organised crime has spread across the Amazon.
隨著巴西成為可卡因消費大國和出口國，有組織的犯罪在亞馬遜地區蔓延。
The Javari joins the Amazon where Brazil intersects with Peru and Colombia.
在巴西與秘魯和哥倫比亞交匯處，查瓦利河匯入亞馬遜河。
It has become a drug route.
它已經成為一條販毒路線。
Environmentalists say that narcotraffickers have diversified into environmental crimes, such as smuggling ill-gotten timber and endangered animals.
環保人士說，毒梟已經發展成為環境犯罪，比如走私非法獲得的木材和瀕危動物。
The murder rate in rural areas in the Amazon is rising and is now above the national average.
亞馬遜地區農村地區的謀殺率正在上升，目前高于全國平均水平。
The most insidious threat comes from Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s president since 2019.
最隱秘的威脅來自2019年以來擔任巴西總統的賈爾·博爾索納羅。
He is contemptuous of environmentalism and of indigenous reserves, which he sees as unfairly blocking economic development (a minority of the indigenous agree with him).
他蔑視環保主義和土著保護區，他認為這不公平地阻礙了經濟發展(少數土著同意他的觀點)。
A former army officer, he embodies the military’s nationalist view of the Amazon: that it must be settled if Brazil is to secure its sovereignty over it.
作為一名前軍官，他體現了軍方對亞馬遜的民族主義觀點：如果巴西要確保對亞馬遜的主權，就必須解決這個問題。
And he won the votes of many of the 29m people who now live in the Amazon, including farmers, garimpeiros and townspeople.
他贏得了目前生活在亞馬遜地區的2900萬人中的許多人的選票，其中包括農民、非法淘金者和城鎮居民。
Mr Bolsonaro has slashed spending on enforcement by Ibama, the environment agency, by two-thirds and reduced its powers.
博爾索納羅已將環境機構Ibama的執法支出削減了三分之二，并削減了其權力。
As for Funai, the body that protects indigenous people, Mr Bolsonaro called it “a nest of rats”.
至于保護土著人民的機構Funai，博爾索納羅稱其為“老鼠窩”。
He has brought in military officers to run it.
他已經請來了軍官來管理它。
All this has encouraged those who break environmental laws, such as the illegal fishermen on the Javari river.
所有這些都鼓勵了那些違反環境法的人，比如查瓦利河上的非法漁民。
The president appeared to blame Mr Phillips for his own death, saying, “That Englishman was disliked in the area because he wrote a lot against garimpeiros, environmental issues, people didn’t like him.
總統將菲利普斯先生的死歸咎于他自己，他說：“那個英國人在這個地區不受歡迎，因為他寫了很多反對非法淘金者、環境問題的文章，人們不喜歡他。
He should have been much more careful.”
他本應該更加小心才對。
Environmentalists hope that Lula, as the ex-president is known, will defeat Mr Bolsonaro in the presidential election in October.
環保主義者希望盧拉，也就是眾所周知的前總統，能在10月份的總統選舉中擊敗博爾索納羅。
Lula’s campaign platform promises to defend the rights and lands of indigenous people, to rebuild Ibama and Funai, and to fight deforestation.
盧拉的競選綱領承諾捍衛土著人民的權利和土地，重建Ibama和Funai，并打擊森林砍伐。
But in the Amazon, all that becomes harder with each year that passes.
但在亞馬遜，隨著時間的推移，這一切變得越來越困難。
