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The world this week - Business
本周國際要聞-商業
The Federal Reserve raised its main interest rate by three-quarters of a percentage point, to a target range of 1.5% to 1.75%, the biggest increase since 1994.
美聯儲將其主要利率提高了0.75個百分點，達到1.5% - 1.75%的目標區間，這是1994年以來的最大增幅。
It was thought the central bank would lift the rate by half a point, but a few days before its decision data showed that America’s annual inflation rate, as measured by the consumer-price index, increased to 8.6% in May, higher than had been expected.
人們原以為美國中央銀行會將利率提高0.5個百分點，但就在該機構做出決定的幾天前，數據顯示，以消費者價格指數衡量的美國5月份的年度通貨膨脹率上升到了8.6%，高于預期。
Grocery prices were up by an average 11.9%, the biggest increase since 1979.
食品雜貨價格平均上漲11.9%，這是自1979年以來的最大漲幅。
The average price of a gallon of petrol in America has now breached $5 for the first time, up by 50% since January.
美國每加侖汽油的平均價格現在首次突破5美元，自1月份以來上漲了50%。
Financial markets also had to digest the Fed’s quantitative-tightening programme, which began this week.
金融市場也不得不消化美聯儲本周開始的量化緊縮計劃。
The Fed is unwinding the balance-sheet of assets it accumulated since the start of the pandemic at a much faster pace than the last time it commenced such an undertaking in 2017.
美聯儲正在以比2017年上一次開始清理資產負債表快得多的速度，清理自疫情開始以來積累的資產。
The European Central Bank held an emergency meeting after government-bond yields rose sharply across the currency bloc.
歐洲央行在歐元區各國政府債券收益率大幅上升后召開了緊急會議。
The pressure on government debt came after the ECB outlined an end to stimulus measures and confirmed it would start raising interest rates next month.
在政府債務面臨壓力之前，歐洲央行概述了結束刺激措施的計劃，并證實將于下月開始加息。
Italy’s bonds were under the most duress.
意大利的債券受到的壓力最大。
The yield on the ten-year note rose above 4%.
十年期國債收益率上升到4%以上。
Japan’s finance ministry and central bank issued a statement that they are concerned by the weak yen.
日本財務省、日本央行發表聲明表示，他們對日元疲軟感到擔憂。
Despite that the Bank of Japan intervened to expand its bond-buying programme when the yield on the ten-year note again breached its 0.25% cap.
盡管如此，當十年期國債收益率再次突破0.25%的上限時，日本銀行進行了干預，擴大了債券購買計劃。
The policy has driven the yen to a 24-year low against the dollar.
該政策已將日元兌美元匯率壓低至24年來的最低點。
The S&P 500 dropped by 3.9% in a day.
標準普爾500指數在一天內下跌了3.9%。
That meant the index was down by 22% since its record high on January 3rd, making that stretch of trading a bear market (a fall of 20% or more from the most recent peak).
這意味著該指數自1月3日的歷史高點以來下跌了22%，使這段時間的交易成為熊市(從最近的高點下跌了20%或更多)。
The current bear market has lasted over 160 days.
目前的熊市已經持續了160多天。
That is longer than the bearish 33 days over February and March 2020, but still some way behind the 517 days that ran from October 2007 to March 2009.
這比2020年2月和3月期間的33天熊市要長，但仍低于2007年10月至2009年3月的517天。
Cryptocurrency markets were in turmoil as more signs emerged of problems with the infrastructure underpinning digital assets.
隨著越來越多的跡象顯示支撐數字資產的基礎設施出現問題，加密貨幣市場陷入動蕩。
Celsius, a platform that enables its users to lend their crypto tokens for a return, stopped customers withdrawing funds.
Celsius是一個允許用戶借出他們的加密代幣以換取收益的平臺，該平臺阻止了客戶提取資金。
Bitcoin shed over a fifth of its price over a few days.
比特幣的價格在幾天內下跌了五分之一以上。
The value of the overall crypto market has fallen from a peak of $3.2trn in November to less than $1trn.
整個加密貨幣市場的價值已經從11月3.2萬億美元的峰值下降到不足1萬億美元。
