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The world this week -- Business
本周國際要聞——商業(yè)
The world's stockmarkets continued to slide this week, as investors prepared for tighter monetary policy.
由于投資者們在為收緊的貨幣政策作準(zhǔn)備，本周全球股市繼續(xù)下滑。
By January 26th the S&P 500 index had dropped by 9% since the start of the year.
截至1月26日，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)自年初以來已經(jīng)下跌了9%。
Share prices elsewhere have been falling too.
其他地方的股價也在持續(xù)下跌。
The NASDAQ composite, a tech-heavy index, has dropped more sharply than the broader market.
以科技股為主的納斯達(dá)克綜合指數(shù)比大盤跌幅更大。
Higher interest rates would lower the value that investors place on the future profits of speculative firms.
更高的利率會降低投資者對風(fēng)險性公司未來利潤的估值。
America's Federal Reserve signalled that it will indeed raise interest rates in March to try to bring inflation under control.
美聯(lián)儲發(fā)出信號，它確實將在三月提高利率以控制通貨膨脹。
That will be the first increase since 2018.
這將是自2018年以來的首次增長。
The Fed also signalled that it will wind down its bond-buying programme, which was expanded during the pandemic.
美聯(lián)儲還表示，其將逐步結(jié)束疫情期間擴(kuò)大的債券購買計劃。
Cryptocurrencies have also experienced a sell-off recently, partly caused by growing scrutiny from regulators.
加密貨幣最近也經(jīng)歷了一場拋售，部分原因是監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的審查越來越嚴(yán)格。
Bitcoin sank to a six-month low this week.
比特幣本周跌至六個月低點。
It has lost roughly half its value since November.
自去年11月以來，它的價值已經(jīng)縮水了大約一半。
The price of smaller currencies, such as Ethereum and Litecoin, also fell.
以太坊和萊特幣等較小幣種的價格也有所下跌。
Microsoft said that its fourth-quarter sales grew to a record $51.7bn, up 20% from the same period last year.
微軟稱其第四季度的銷售額增至創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的517億美元，比去年同期增長了20%。
Net income rose to $18.8bn.
凈利潤增至188億美元。
The results were fuelled by its gaming and Windows software units.
該公司的游戲和Windows軟件部門推動了這一增長。
But even though they beat analysts' forecasts, the firm's share price fell after the announcement.
但是，盡管結(jié)果超出了分析師的預(yù)測，該公司的股價在此結(jié)果宣布后還是下跌了。
It later recovered when the firm published rosy forecasts for its cloud division.
后來，當(dāng)公司發(fā)布了對其云業(yè)務(wù)的樂觀預(yù)測時，股價又有所恢復(fù)。
Boeing reported a loss of $4.3bn for 2021, its third annual loss in a row.
波音公司報告稱，2021年虧損43億美元，這是該公司連續(xù)第三年虧損。
That is partly because of a charge of $3.5bn it had to pay to compensate customers for the delays in delivering its 787 Dreamliner.
這在一定程度上是因為，波音不得不支付35億美元的費用，以補(bǔ)償因其延遲交付787夢幻客機(jī)而受到影響的客戶。
Factory defects and regulatory problems have slowed production.
工廠過失和監(jiān)管問題延緩了生產(chǎn)。
As part of a firm-wide restructuring plan Unilever, a consumer-goods giant, said that it will axe about 1,500 management jobs.
作為全公司范圍重組計劃的一部分，消費品巨頭聯(lián)合利華表示將裁減大約1500個管理職位。
Pressure to improve performance has been increased of late by Trian, an activist hedge fund which has built a stake in the company, and by the firm's failed bid to buy the consumer-health business of GlaxoSmithKline, a British drugmaker.
最近，該公司提高業(yè)績的壓力增加了，因為激進(jìn)的對沖基金Trian入股了該公司，同時該公司收購英國制藥公司葛蘭素史克消費者健康的業(yè)務(wù)也失敗了。
Tesla reported record net profits of $2.3bn in the fourth quarter of 2021.
特斯拉報告稱在2021年第四季度實現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的23億美元凈利潤。
But Elon Musk, the electric-car maker's boss, warned that supply-chain woes, such as the shortage of semiconductors, would probably weigh on the firm's results during 2022.
但這家電動汽車制造商的老板埃隆·馬斯克警告稱，半導(dǎo)體短缺等供應(yīng)鏈問題可能會影響該公司2022年的業(yè)績。
He noted that Tesla's factories have been running below capacity for several quarters.
他指出，特斯拉的工廠已經(jīng)連續(xù)幾個季度產(chǎn)能不足。
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