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Presidents tend to get who they want for their administration. But it hasn't always worked out that way.
總統們傾向于得到他們想要的政府工作人員。但并不總能得償所愿。
Since the nation's founding, the Senate has vetoed nine Cabinet picks. The most recent was in 1989, when the Senate narrowly rejected President George H. W. Bush's nomination of Senator John Tower, amid allegations that he was an alcoholic and a womanizer.
自美國建國以來，參議院已經否決了9次內閣人選。最近的一次是在1989年，當時參議院以微弱優勢否決了喬治·赫伯特·沃克·布什總統對參議員約翰·托爾的提名，原因是他被指控酗酒和玩弄女性。
As president-elect Donald Trump builds his own Cabinet, many have wondered what power the Senate has to deny any of his controversial choices. So how does this process work?
隨著當選總統唐納德·特朗普組建自己的內閣，許多人都想知道參議院有什么權力來否決他的任何有爭議的選擇。那么，這個過程是如何運作的？
Well, to start, it's important to note that Donald Trump's Cabinet picks are nominations, not appointments. The Constitution states that the President has the power to choose "ambassadors, Supreme Court judges, and all other officers", but only under the "advice and consent" of the Senate. These so-called 'other officers' have come to be defined as the 'Cabinet', and they cannot be sworn in until they're approved by a majority of the Senate.
首先，需要注意的是，唐納德·特朗普的內閣人選是提名，而不是任命。憲法規定，總統有權選擇“大使、最高法院法官和所有其他官員”，但必須得到參議院的“建議與同意”。這些所謂的“其他官員”已經被定義為“內閣”，他們只有得到參議院多數通過才能宣誓就職。
These rules apply to all 'Cabinet level officials', including the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments, but not the White House Chief of Staff. Experts say most of Donald Trump's Cabinet picks will see little to no pushback from the Republican-led Senate.
這些規定適用于所有“內閣級別的官員”，包括副總統和15個行政部門的負責人，但不適用于白宮辦公廳主任。專家表示，唐納德·特朗普的大部分內閣人選幾乎不會受到共和黨主導的參議院的反對。
However, several of Trump's more controversial nominees may have a harder time. Take potential Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who, in 1986, was denied a position as a District Court Judge after he was found to have made racist statements. Specifically, Sessions allegedly once condoned the Ku Klux Klan and labeled the NAACP and ACLU as "un-American".
然而，特朗普的幾位爭議較大的提名人選可能會遭遇更艱難的處境。以候選的司法部長杰夫·塞申斯為例，1986年，他被發現發表種族主義言論后，被剝奪了地區法院法官的職位。具體來說，據稱，塞申斯曾一度寬恕三K黨，并將全國有色人種協進會和美國公民自由聯盟貼上“非美國”的標簽。
Another appointment which may see confirmation problem, sets Rex Tillerson, for Secretary of State. Not only does Tillerson's career as CEO of Exxon Mobil present domestic conflicts of interest, but he also has deep business ties with Russia, not to mention personal ties with President Vladimir Putin.
另一項可能在確認上出現問題的任命就是，雷克斯·蒂勒森將成為國務卿。蒂勒森擔任埃爾森美孚公司首席執行官的職業生涯不僅反映了國內的利益沖突，而且他還與俄羅斯有著深厚的商業關系，更不用說與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京的私人關系了。
In order for Tillerson to become Secretary of State, he must first be confirmed by the Senate's Foreign Relations Committee. Then, his nomination goes to the floor of the Senate, where it only needs a simple majority to pass.
為了讓蒂勒森成為國務卿，他必須首先得到參議院外交關系委員會的確認。然后，他的提名將在參議院進行，參議院只需要簡單多數票即可通過。
