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President-elect Donald Trump made "illegal immigration" the keystone of his campaign, and recently has criticized so-called "sanctuary cities" in the U.S. Specifically, he's threatened to cut off federal funding to any city that resists the federal government on immigration enforcement. But what exactly are sanctuary cities, and what can Trump really do to stop them?
當選總統唐納德·特朗普把“非法移民”作為他競選的重點，最近還批評了美國所謂的“庇護城市”。具體來說，他威脅要不再給予任何抵制聯邦政府移民執法的城市的聯邦資金。但究竟什么是庇護城市，特朗普到底能做些什么來廢除它們？
Well, a "sanctuary city" is a term used to describe cities, towns or jurisdictions that have made a commitment to limit their collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE. Given that ICE is in charge of detention and deportation of undocumented immigrants, sanctuary cities are a small check on the federal government's immigration authority.
“庇護城市”是一個術語，用來描述一些城市、城鎮或司法管轄區，它們承諾限制與美國移民和海關執法局的合作。鑒于移民和海關執法局負責拘留和驅逐非法移民，庇護城市是對聯邦政府移民當局的一個小規模檢查。
One recent analysis found that 39 cities in the U.S. had passed resolutions, policies, or laws limiting cooperation with ICE. Another study found that just twelve of the larger cities on that list house nearly 20 percent of the country's estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants.
最近的一項分析發現，美國有39個城市通過了限制與移民和海關執法局合作的決議、政策或法律。另一項研究發現，在該名單上的較大城市中，只有12座城市居住著美國約1100萬非法移民中的近20%的人。
ICE's immigration work is separate from that of local law enforcement, and ICE usually doesn't have the authority to make demands of local police. And conversely, local police aren't required to do the work of immigrations officers. It's a basic division of federal, state, and local responsibilities.
移民和海關執法局的移民工作與當地執法部門的移民工作是分開的，移民和海關執法局通常無權向當地警方提出要求。相對地，地方警察也不需要做移民官員的工作。這是聯邦、州和地方職責的基本劃分。
ICE can request that local police detain suspects for them, but court rulings prohibit them from ordering such detentions, as they are often challenged as unconstitutional.
移民和海關執法局可以要求當地警方為他們拘留嫌疑人，但法院裁決禁止他們下令拘留，因為他們經常被質疑違憲。
All of this means that there's a very complicated give and take between federal and local law enforcement, and ICE has been very careful not to appear commandeering with local jurisdictions.
所有這一切都意味著，聯邦和地方執法部門之間存在著非常復雜的相互讓步，移民和海關執法局一直非常謹慎，避免出現與地方司法管轄區的爭權。
Cities like New York, San Francisco, Washington DC, and Los Angeles have decided through policies to focus on law enforcement without regard to immigration status. This is adopting a sort of immigration "don't ask, don't tell" approach. Proponents of this approach say it makes immigrant populations feel freer to report crimes. Supporters also point to evidence that immigrants of any legal status actually commit fewer crimes than non-immigrants.
像紐約、舊金山、華盛頓特區和洛杉磯這樣的城市已經通過政策決定，在不考慮移民身份的情況下，將重點放在執法上。這采取了一種“不問不說”的移民方式。這種方式的支持者表示，它使移民人口更容易報案。支持者還指出，有證據表明，任何具有合法身份的移民實際上比非移民犯下的罪行更少。
