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The impact of all of this on party identification was striking: In 2007, whites were split, with 44 percent calling themselves Democrats and 44 percent calling themselves Republican, according to the Pew Research Center. But by 2016, the gap had widened to 15 points, with 54 percent identifying as Republican.
所有這些對政黨認同的影響是驚人的：根據皮尤研究中心的數據，2007年，白人中出現了分裂，44%的人稱自己是民主黨人，44%的人稱自己是共和黨人。但到2016年，這一差距擴大到15個百分點，54%的人稱自己是共和黨人。
Trump, with his pledge to “make America great again,” activated the equivalent of a political sleeper cell. Two-thirds of whites without a college education backed the Republican nominee, the largest margin in a presidential election since 1980, although without support from white wealthy Republicans he likely would not have won the election. Not surprisingly, the data finds a strong correlation between “white identity” and support for the candidate in the red MAGA hat. A recent study of whites who had voted for Barack Obama but switched to Trump found high levels of racial hostility and xenophobia; researchers said Democrats’ focus during the intervening years on undocumented immigrants and police violence against African-Americans had the effect of “changing perceptions of where many whites feel they belong.”
特朗普承諾“讓美國再次偉大起來”，相當于激活了一個政治休眠細胞。三分之二沒有大學學歷的白人支持這位共和黨總統候選人，這是自1980年以來在總統選舉中獲得的最大優勢。不過，如果沒有富有的白人共和黨人的支持，他很可能不會贏得選舉。毫不奇怪，數據發現，“白人身份”與支持戴紅色“讓美國再次偉大”帽子的候選人之間存在很強的相關性。最近一項針對曾投票給巴拉克•奧巴馬但轉而支持特朗普的白人的研究發現，他們的種族敵意和仇外情緒很高；研究人員說，民主黨人在這期間對非法移民和警察對非洲裔美國人的暴力行為的關注，“改變了許多白人對他們所屬地區的看法”。
“Whiteness is not invisible now. That is why we are talking about it in ways we didn’t for a long time in American history,” Jardina says. “Think about the world between the civil rights movement and election of Obama and the way we talked about race. We didn’t talk about white people because their dominance and privilege was secure.”
“白人主義現在并不是看不到。這就是為什么我們用美國歷史上很長一段時間沒有的方式來談論它，”賈丁說道。“想想民權運動和奧巴馬當選之間的世界以及我們談論種族的方式。我們不談論白人，因為他們的統治地位和特權是安全的?！?/div>
Emboldened by Trump’s success, GOP candidates staked new outer limits in racial and ethnic messaging in the midterms. Among them: In Indiana, Republican Senate candidate Mike Braun dubbed the incumbent Democrat “Mexico Joe” Donnelly and won. In Tennessee, Republican Marsha Blackburn won after claiming her opponent “lured illegal immigrants” to the state. In the Florida governor’s race, Republican nominee Ron DeSantis implored voters not to “monkey this up” by electing Andrew Gillum, who would have been the state’s first black chief executive.
受特朗普的成功鼓舞，共和黨候選人在中期選舉中在種族和民族信息方面設置了新的外部限制。其中包括：在印第安納州，共和黨參議員候選人邁克·布勞恩稱現任民主黨人“墨西哥喬”·唐納利獲勝。在田納西州，共和黨人瑪莎·布萊克本聲稱她的對手“引誘非法移民”來到田納西州，從而贏得了選舉。在佛羅里達州州長競選中，共和黨候選人羅恩·德桑提斯懇求選民不要把事情搞砸，選舉安德魯·吉勒姆為總統候選人。吉勒姆本可以成為佛羅里達州首位黑人行政長官。
Trump’s own campaign closed the election with an anti-immigration spot considered so racist that even Fox News took it down. “You know what I am? I’m a nationalist, OK? I’m a nationalist,” the president told a boisterous crowd at a rally in Texas. “Nationalist! Use that word! Use that word!” Trump did not use (or left out) the word white.
特朗普自己的競選團隊以一個反移民廣告結束了選舉，該廣告被認為是如此種族主義，以至于?？怂剐侣勔舶阉妨讼聛?。“你知道我是誰嗎？我是個民族主義者，好嗎？我是一個民族主義者，” 總統在德克薩斯州的一次集會上對喧鬧的人群說?！懊褡逯髁x！使用這個詞！使用這個詞！” 特朗普沒有使用（或省略）白色這個詞。
Democrats, however, fought back. The party nominated a record 180 female candidates in House primaries and 133 people of color. For the first time, white men were a minority in the Democrats’ candidate pool. The Democrats primarily ran on health care, education and jobs—as well as Trump resistance—not so much on immigration, even as Republicans stoked fears of the “caravan.” The result: Republicans lost 40 seats and their majority in the House. Nearly half of those districts had voted for Trump over Clinton in 2016. Notably, eight were located in the industrial Midwest, the so-called blue wall that fell to the GOP ticket two years ago. Perhaps even more important, Democrats won statewide contests for governor in Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as the Senate in Ohio, in part by cutting in half Republicans’ advantage among white men without a college education.
然而，民主黨人進行了反擊。該黨在眾議院初選中提名了180名女性候選人和133名有色人種。白人男性首次成為民主黨候選人中的少數。民主黨主要在醫療、教育、就業以及特朗普的抵制上做文章，而不是在移民問題上做文章，盡管共和黨人對“大篷車”的擔憂有所加劇。結果：共和黨失去了40個席位，失去了在眾議院的多數席位。2016年，近一半的選區投票給了特朗普，而不是希拉里。值得注意的是，其中8個州位于中西部工業地區，也就是兩年前落入共和黨陣營的所謂“藍墻”?；蛟S更重要的是，民主黨人在密歇根州、威斯康星州以及俄亥俄州的參議員競選中贏得了全州范圍的勝利，部分原因是共和黨人在沒有受過大學教育的白人男性中的優勢減少了一半。
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