White identity, he argues, is bogus because it doesn’t stem from the kind of historical discrimination suffered by women, gays and people of color. In other words, whites have always and still do dominate the nation, economically and politically, so to proclaim one’s white identity is to celebrate a supremacist status.
他認(rèn)為，白人身份是虛假的，因為它并非源自女性、同性戀和有色人種所遭受的那種歷史歧視。換句話說，無論是在經(jīng)濟上還是政治上，白人一直并仍然主導(dǎo)著這個國家，因此，宣布自己的白人身份就是慶祝自己的至上主義地位。
Although the issue failed to draw significant attention until Trump was elected, the population of white identifiers has remained relatively stable for the past nine years, based on American National Election Studies data and other sources analyzed by Jardina. (She says there is insufficient national data on the issue before that time). Two major events, however, combined to stoke their sense of lost power: the election of the first black president in 2008, followed by the heavily publicized results of the 2010 census, which found America at a demographic tipping point. About half of all U.S. births were minorities, analysts said, putting the country on track to become “majority-minority” by the 2040s.
盡管在特朗普當(dāng)選之前，這個問題沒有引起足夠的關(guān)注，但根據(jù)美國全國選舉研究的數(shù)據(jù)和賈迪納分析的其他來源，白人身份標(biāo)識的數(shù)量在過去9年一直相對穩(wěn)定。（她說，在此之前，有關(guān)這個問題的全國性數(shù)據(jù)不足。）。然而，兩件大事加在一起，加劇了他們失去權(quán)力的感覺：2008年美國第一任黑人總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選，緊接著是2010年人口普查結(jié)果的大肆宣傳，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)美國正處于人口結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)折點。分析人士說，美國出生的人口中約有一半是少數(shù)族裔，這使美國有望在本世紀(jì)40年代成為“少數(shù)族裔占多數(shù)”的國家。
While some experts disagreed with that prediction—arguing that the census counted some mixed-race people as nonwhite who may see themselves as white—the narrative was fodder for conservative media, in particular Fox News, which repeatedly seared it into the public imagination. “Census Shows White Babies Now the Minority,” a website headline read. Google searches for “white privilege” and “white genocide” began rising in 2012 and are now at “unprecedented heights,” according to Eric Kauffmann, professor of politics at Birkbeck College, University of London, who recently published White Shift: Populism, Immigration and the Future of White Majorities.
盡管一些專家不同意這一預(yù)測——他們認(rèn)為人口普查將一些混血兒統(tǒng)計為非白人，他們可能認(rèn)為自己是白人——但這種說法為保守派媒體提供了素材，尤其是不斷地讓公眾陷入想象的《福克斯新聞》。“人口普查顯示，白人嬰兒現(xiàn)在是少數(shù)，”網(wǎng)站新聞標(biāo)題如此寫道。倫敦大學(xué)伯克貝克學(xué)院政治學(xué)教授埃里克·考夫曼表示，谷歌對“白人特權(quán)”和“白人種族滅絕”的搜索量從2012年開始上升，現(xiàn)在達(dá)到了“前所未有的高度”。考夫曼最近出版了《白人的轉(zhuǎn)變:民粹主義、移民和白人占多數(shù)的未來》一書。
In addition to the perceived threat of a growing minority population, whites without a college education faced a very real problem: death. Those with no more than a high school diploma were dying off at rates 30 percent higher than African-Americans, many to “deaths of despair,” as Princeton professors Anne Case and Angus Deaton, a Nobel Prize–winning economist, put it in 2015, attributable to drugs, alcohol and suicide.
除了少數(shù)族裔人口不斷增長的威脅，沒有受過大學(xué)教育的白人還面臨著一個非常現(xiàn)實的問題:死亡。那些高中學(xué)歷以下的人的死亡率比非裔美國人高30%，正如普林斯頓大學(xué)教授安妮•凱斯和諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學(xué)獎得主安格斯•迪頓在2015年所言，許多人死于“絕望的死亡”，原因在于毒品、酒精和自殺。
Underlining the mortality rates was economic ruin. Over the last 30 years, wages have stagnated, and the manufacturing sector that fueled the Midwest has been gutted: About a quarter of Americans worked in manufacturing jobs in 1980; as of 2016, just 8.5 percent did. If those jobs have been “replaced,” it is with low-wage service work. Meanwhile, two-thirds of the country is without the best ticket out of that economy: a college degree.
經(jīng)濟崩潰強調(diào)死亡率。在過去的30年里，工資水平停滯不前，為中西部地區(qū)提供動力的制造業(yè)受到重創(chuàng)：1980年，大約四分之一的美國人從事制造業(yè)工作；截至2016年，只有8.5%的人從事制造業(yè)工作。如果這些工作被“取代”，那就是低工資的服務(wù)工作。與此同時，美國有三分之二的人沒有拿到走出經(jīng)濟困境的最好門票：大學(xué)文憑。
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