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And when I look at it, I said, well, this is an example of an acute change, a very acute change. Because what happens when we have a trauma,
當我想到它的時候，我對自己說，好吧，這是一個突發式變化的案例，非常突然的變化。因為實際上當我們有創傷之后
many people after the trauma are changed forever, for the rest of their lives if they have PTSD.
很多人的一生因為創傷后應激障礙而從此改變了
It actually has changed, changes the chemical that flow through our brain.
它實際上改變了我們大腦中的化學物質
It changes the structure of our brain, creates new neural pathways, kills a lot of old neural pathways as a result of a single experience.
它改變了我們大腦的結構，建立了新的神經通路，破壞了很多以前的神經通路，全都是因為一個單獨的經歷
It's a sledge hammer. It is very widespread unfortunately.
就像是大錘一揮。很不幸的是這是一個非常常見的疾病
I mentioned it last time. 30 percent of Vietnam vets have PTSD. 30 percent. 80 percent from the first Gulf War have PTSD.
我上次已經說過了，30%的越南戰爭老兵有創傷后應激障礙。30%之多，80%的第一次海灣戰爭老兵有創傷后應激障礙
As I mention we don't have the exact data yet from the second Gulf War.
我之前也提過，我們現在還沒有關于第二次海灣戰爭的確切數據
But the numbers are likely gonna be higher than that.
但是相信人數只會更多不會更少
After 911 or before 911 right, there were 20,000 individuals with PTSD south of 110th street New York.
在911之前，在紐約110號大街以南，有兩萬人有創傷后應激障礙
Right after 911, 60,000 individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder.
911剛剛過去之后，有6萬人有創傷后應激障礙
Now this has consequences. Again it has consequences on the way our brain functions, very often, not always, but very often for the rest of our lives.
這對人是有影響的。影響了我們的大腦功能，這種影響很多時候是終其一生的
So this is an acute change. It comes immediately one trauma, 911 or seeing something terrible in war.
這就是突發式的變化。伴隨著創傷而來，比如911或者在戰爭中的恐怖經歷
And then that often has an effect for the rest of, for the per... for the entire life.
從而影響了余生，影響了整個人生
It's a shock treatment, a negative shock treatment.
這是一種休克療法，消極的休克療法
Now when look at PTSD when I thought about it, I asked, OK, so what is positive psychology have to do with this.
當我想到創傷后應激障礙的時候，我問，OK，這和積極心理學有啥關系
I mean this is clinical psychology. This is ”negative psychology”. Well the answer is a lot.
這屬于臨床心理學的范疇，就是所謂的消極心理學，但是其實有很大關系
