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Sociologists call this relatively new phenomenon "intensive mothering,"
社會學家稱這種新現象為“強度母職”，
and it has culturally elevated the importance of women spending large amounts of time with their children.
這種現象從文化上強調女性應該花大量的時間和孩子在一起。
Being judged against the current all-consuming standard means mothers who work outside the home feel as if we are failing,
由于上班族母親被認為有悖于現在這種高強度的標準，所以現代女性看上去好像活得很失敗，
even if we are spending the same number of hours with our kids as our mothers did.
就算我們陪孩子的時間與母親以前陪我們的時間一樣長。
When I drop my kids off at school and see the mothers who are staying to volunteer,
當我開車送孩子上學，看到有其他母親留在學校做義工時，
I worry that my children are worse off because I'm not with them full-time.
我很擔心由于我不能整天陪著他們，會導致他們的成績每況愈下。
This is where my trust in hard data and research has helped me the most.
翔實的研究數據幫了我大忙：
Study after study suggests that the pressure society places on women to stay home and do "what's best for the child" is based on emotion, not evidence.
多項研究表明，社會給女性施加了種種壓力，比如她們應該待在家里、做“對孩子們最好的事”，但這么做其實是基于情感因素，而非事實依據。
In 1991, the Early Child Care Research Network, under the auspices of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,
1991年，由美國國家兒童健康和人類發展協會主辦的早期兒童護理研究網，
initiated the most ambitious and comprehensive study to date on the relationship between child care and child development,
發起了一項范圍非常廣泛的研究，按時間記錄兒童看護與兒童發展之間的關系，
and in particular on the effect of exclusive maternal care versus child care.
尤其對比了由母親專職照顧與一般看護的結果。
The Research Network, which comprised more than thirty child development experts from leading universities across the country, spent eighteen months designing the study.
此研究網有30多個研究兒童發展的專家，他們來自美國各大高校，花了18個月對研究進行構思設計，
