1.jot down 草草記下
Sometimes I outline in more detail, and sometimes I just jot down a few sub-headings that will guide me through it all.
有時我會記錄一些細節，有時我只是草草記下一些能夠引導我貫穿全文的小標題。

2.at some point 在某種程度上；在某些要點上
The difference is at some point you say enough is enough.
不同的是在某些要點上你說足夠就夠了。

3.not long after 之后不久
Not long after getting back on his feet, he began mentoring schoolkids in the city.
恢復行走之后不久，他開始在這個城市指導學童。

4.confer an advantage 帶來優勢
Lateralization seems to confer an advantage for some fish as well.
魚類的腦部側化現象則似乎也能帶來一些生存優勢。