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Today is the first Monday in October, and that means the opening day of the new Supreme Court term.
今天是10月的第一個(gè)星期一，也就是最高法院首席法官新任期的第一天。
NPR's legal affairs correspondent, Nina Totenberg was at the court this morning when the gavel went down. Nina:
國家公共電臺(tái)負(fù)責(zé)法律事務(wù)的記者妮娜·托滕博格在今早判決發(fā)出之時(shí)也在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，下面請(qǐng)聽妮娜的報(bào)道：
"Well, as you know, by now, Terry, this was a rather special beginning with a new Chief Justice,
“特里你也知道，目前來看，新上任的首席法官是威廉·倫奎斯特；
William Rehnquist at the helm, and a new Justice, Antonin Scalia, in the junior Justice's chair."
此外還有一位新上任的法官員安東寧·斯卡利亞?！?/div>
"So what was it like?"
“現(xiàn)在情況怎樣呢？”
"Well, I gotta tell you. To someone who had never been at the court before, it may have looked quite normal.
“這么說吧，對(duì)于從未進(jìn)過法庭的人來說，沒什么特別的。
But to me, it was really quite strange. Very weird, in fact.
但對(duì)我來說，感覺十分陌生。實(shí)際上，可以說是一種奇怪的感覺。
For fifteen years, we watched this Court with Chief Justice Burger in the center of the bench.
因?yàn)檫^去15年來，首席法官一直都是伯格。
And now the whole Court has played a kind of musical chairs, with justice Rehnquist,
而現(xiàn)在，法院里就像玩起了搶椅游戲，
who used to sit at the far right, moving to the center to run the Court. Chief Justice Burger is gone.
因?yàn)閭惪固匾郧耙恢笔亲谧钣疫叺?，而現(xiàn)在卻坐在了最中央。而我們熟悉的伯格離開了。
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, who I used to look across the room at and used to look rather placid to me across the room,
而現(xiàn)在的法官桑德拉·戴·奧康納，以前我掃視整個(gè)法院，也不會(huì)特別留意她，
is now sitting just over my shoulder above me.
但她現(xiàn)在的座位比我的肩膀要高。
Chief Justice Rehnquist seemed a tad nervous as he opened the term this morning.
今天早上，首席法官倫奎斯特開庭時(shí)似乎有些緊張。
As far as the new Justice, Antonin Scalia, he waited only about ten minutes
而新上任的法官安東寧·斯卡利亞在第一個(gè)案件開庭僅10分鐘后，
during the first case argued this morning before he joined in peppering the lawyers with questions.
就開始向辯護(hù)律師發(fā)問。
Actually he started to ask a question even earlier, but was cut off by Justice O'Connor,
實(shí)際上，他開始發(fā)文的時(shí)間可能還要更早些，但被奧康納打斷了，
and sort of hung back while a couple of other Justices asked questions.
而且似乎在其他法官問問題時(shí)有些猶豫是否要開口。
And then, Justice Seebans, who sits next to Justice Scalia, looked at Scalia as if to say Okay Kid, your turn now.
然后，坐在他旁邊的法官西班斯會(huì)看著他，就好像在對(duì)他說，“沒關(guān)系的，孩子，你可以問問題了?！?/div>
Listen to this 3 英語高級(jí)聽力(MP3+中英字幕) 第25課(3) 2018-08-04
Listen to this 3 英語高級(jí)聽力(MP3+中英字幕) 第26課(1) 2018-08-08
Listen to this 3 英語高級(jí)聽力(MP3+中英字幕) 第26課(3) 2018-08-11
Listen to this 3 英語高級(jí)聽力(MP3+中英字幕) 第27課(1) 2018-08-15
Listen to this 3 英語高級(jí)聽力(MP3+中英字幕) 第27課(2) 2018-08-16
"Well, I can report to you, in general, that the Justices looked well rested and rather pleased at the look of the new Court.
“可以這樣說，總體而言，法官們都安然自若，似乎對(duì)換了一班人馬的法院沒有什么不適。”
This morning's session was spirited with all of the Justices asking questions
今天早上的庭審因?yàn)榉ü賯兊陌l(fā)問煥發(fā)了生機(jī)，
and a couple of them smiling rather broadly at the sight of Justice Scalia tearing into the attorneys arguing their cases."
而且其中幾位法官在看到斯卡利亞條分縷析地向律師發(fā)問時(shí)，都爽朗得笑了。
"Okay. What about the upcoming term? What cases can we look forward to?"
“好的，那您對(duì)下一屆任期有什么看法呢？有什么樣的案件是我們可以期待的？”
"Well, you know, Alexis de Tocqueville once wrote that, in the United States,
“我想起亞歷西斯·德·托克維爾曾經(jīng)寫過一句話：在美國，
almost every pressing social question eventually reaches the Supreme Court.
幾乎所有來自社會(huì)的發(fā)問最終都會(huì)在法院中得以體現(xiàn)?！?/div>
?
And while last term was an unusual blockbuster of a year, this term is no slouch either."
雖然上一屆的法院聚焦了諸多社會(huì)熱門話題，但這一屆也絕對(duì)是干勁兒十足的?！?/div>
"Later this month, the Court will hear what is probably the last broad based challenge to the death penalty.
本月晚些時(shí)候，最高法院將就死刑問題召開庭審。
The Court must decide if capital punishment should be invalidated
最高法院必須決定是否要廢除死刑，
if statistics show that it's imposed disproportionately more often on blacks than on whites,
鑒于死刑的實(shí)施比例不公，黑人遭受死刑的比例比白人高，
or more often on the killers of whites than on the killers of blacks.
而白人殺手遭受死刑的比例比黑人殺手高。
The decision in this case, will have an enormous impact on the more than 1,700 men and women currently on death row."
這次案件的決定將會(huì)對(duì)1700多名尚未被執(zhí)行死刑的人造成重大影響。
"Last year, the Court issued major decisions in the affirmative action area. What about this year?"
“去年，最高法院在平權(quán)行動(dòng)方面做出了多項(xiàng)重大決定。那今年您覺得會(huì)怎樣發(fā)展呢？”
"Well, last year, the Court ruled than affirmative action is generally acceptable in hiring, but not in lay-offs.
“去年，最高法院規(guī)定平權(quán)行動(dòng)在招聘時(shí)可以考慮，但在解雇時(shí)不會(huì)作為考慮因素?！?/div>
This year, the Court will focus its attention on affirmative action in promotions
今年，最高法院將主要關(guān)注促進(jìn)平權(quán)行動(dòng)的深入，
and when that kind of affirmative action, if ever, is permissible.
已經(jīng)平權(quán)行動(dòng)何時(shí)能獲批。
The Court will also hear a major sex discrimination case involving pregnancy.
最高法院還會(huì)就一起涉及雇員懷孕的重大性別歧視案例進(jìn)行庭審。
At issue is a California law that requires all employers to provide women up to four months disability leave for pregnancy.
公眾熱議的是一項(xiàng)加州法律，該法律要求所有雇員為女性提供4個(gè)月的產(chǎn)假。
A California bank is challenging the law, claiming that it discriminates against men
加州某銀行不認(rèn)可這項(xiàng)法律，并表示這項(xiàng)法律是在歧視
who do not get that kind of disability leave when they are ill.
那些生病時(shí)無法享有同樣假期的男性。
The bank claims that the California law violates a federal law which bans any sort of discrimination based on pregnancy.
該銀行表示，這項(xiàng)加州法律違背了聯(lián)邦法律，而聯(lián)邦法律禁止以懷孕為由而進(jìn)行任何歧視。
Then, there's another case that involves the federal law banning discrimination against the handicapped in employment.
然后還有一起案子與聯(lián)邦法有關(guān)，該聯(lián)邦法禁止在工作中歧視殘疾人。
The question in this case is whether people who have a communicable disease,
這起案子的問題在于：帶有可傳播疾病
like AIDS or tuberculosis, can be denied jobs because of their disease.
（比如艾滋病、肺結(jié)核）的人是否可以因此而被拒。
In this case, a school system fired a teacher who had tuberculosis."
在這起案件中，某學(xué)校開除了一位患有肺結(jié)核的老師。
"What about the area of separation of Church and State, cases involving religion?"
“那關(guān)于教會(huì)與國家分割開來的領(lǐng)域有沒有案件呢？就是與宗教有關(guān)的案件?！?/div>
"There are a whole slew of these cases again this year, but two stand out as particularly interesting.
“今年又發(fā)生了很多有宗教有關(guān)的案件，但其中兩個(gè)比較突出的案件是很有趣的。”
One case pits the evangelical Christian community against the nation's educators.
其中一個(gè)案件的對(duì)立雙方是基督教社群和美國教育家。
Louisiana passed a law that requires all schools that teach the theory of evolution to teach creationism alongside it as an alternative theory:
路易斯安那州通過了一項(xiàng)法律，要求所有教授進(jìn)化論的學(xué)校教授創(chuàng)造論的內(nèi)容，作為代替。
creationism being the theory that God created man whole without any evolution.
所謂創(chuàng)造論，就是上帝創(chuàng)造了人類，并不存在進(jìn)化的過程。
When this law was passed in Louisiana, it was challenged in court by the Quasi-independent state school board,
這項(xiàng)法律在路易斯安那州通過的時(shí)候，受到了類似于獨(dú)立公立學(xué)校董事會(huì)的質(zhì)疑，
which argued that creationism has no scientific basis, only a religious basis.
后者認(rèn)為，創(chuàng)造論沒有科學(xué)依據(jù)，只有宗教依據(jù)。
A federal court struck down the law ruling that it, in effect,
某聯(lián)邦法院反對(duì)這項(xiàng)法律，
amounted to an endorsement of religion, and Louisiana's governor appealed to the Supreme Court."
因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于是在支持宗教這一方，路易斯安那州的州長(zhǎng)向最高法院起訴。
In a second religion case, the Court will decide if religious and political groups
在第二個(gè)有關(guān)宗教得案子中，最高法院將決定宗教團(tuán)體和政治團(tuán)體
have the right to distribute literature inside government run airport terminals. Sound familiar?
是否有權(quán)利在政府精一行的機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓里分發(fā)宣傳冊(cè)。這一幕似乎有點(diǎn)眼熟？
When Los Angeles tried to ban the distribution of such literature, a minister from Jews for Jesus challenged the ban in court.
曾幾何時(shí)，洛杉磯想要禁止這種分發(fā)宣傳冊(cè)的行為，但一位信仰基督教的猶太部長(zhǎng)在法庭上反對(duì)禁止這種行為。
The lower courts ruled that airports are public forums much like parks and sidewalks,
下級(jí)法院判決：機(jī)場(chǎng)是公共場(chǎng)所，跟公園和人行道一樣，
and that the government could not ban the distribution of political or religious literature there.
并表示政府不能禁止在公共場(chǎng)所分發(fā)政治宣傳冊(cè)或宗教宣傳冊(cè)。
Los Angeles appealed to the Supreme Court, and today the High Court agreed to review the case.
洛杉磯向最高法院提起訴訟，今天，最高法院同意審理這個(gè)案子。
There'll be lots of other fascinating cases this year on questions
今年還會(huì)有很多其他有意思的案子，題材豐富，
as diverse as gambling on Indian preservations to presidential versus congressional powers.
比如向印度保護(hù)物下注賭博，以及總統(tǒng)權(quán)力和國會(huì)權(quán)力的制衡等等。
Today, as I said, was just the beginning.
正如我說過的，今天只是一個(gè)開始。
"Thank you, NPR's legal affairs correspondent, Nina Totenberg."
“感謝大家的收聽，我是國家公共電臺(tái)法律事務(wù)的記者妮娜·托滕博格?！?
| 重點(diǎn)單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| endorsement | [in'dɔ:smənt] |
想一想再看 n. 支持，認(rèn)可，背書 |
||
| legal | ['li:gəl] |
想一想再看 adj. 法律的，合法的，法定的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| correspondent | [.kɔri'spɔndənt] |
想一想再看 n. 通訊記者，通信者 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| bench | [bentʃ] |
想一想再看 n. 長(zhǎng)凳，工作臺(tái)，法官席 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| gavel | ['gævl] |
想一想再看 n. (法官所用的)槌，小木槌 n. (中世紀(jì)英國的）貢 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| impact | ['impækt,im'pækt] |
想一想再看 n. 沖擊(力), 沖突，影響(力) |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| challenge | ['tʃælindʒ] |
想一想再看 n. 挑戰(zhàn) |
||
| minutes | ['minits] |
想一想再看 n. 會(huì)議記錄，(復(fù)數(shù))分鐘 |
||
| fascinating | ['fæsineitiŋ] |
想一想再看 adj. 迷人的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| decision | [di'siʒən] |
想一想再看 n. 決定，決策 |
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