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Sheik Ahmed Zaki Yamani is generally regarded as the mastermind behind the Arab oil strategy of the 1970s.
普遍認為，謝赫·艾哈邁德·扎基·亞馬尼是阿拉伯上世紀70年代石油戰(zhàn)略的幕后黑手。
The man who introduced the word "petro-dollars" into our vocabulary,
就是他引入了“石油美元”的說法，
and who helped bring about one of the most dramatic shifts of international economic and political power in this century.
也是他推波助瀾，引發(fā)了本世界最大的國際經(jīng)濟政治權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移。
NPR's Elizebeth Coulton has a report:
下面請聽國家公共電臺記者伊麗莎白·庫爾頓的報道：
Yamani was appointed to the post of Saudi Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources in 1962,
1962年，亞馬尼受命擔任沙特石油部部長。
and it was then he began leading the campaign to wrest control of Arab oil resources from foreign-owned companies.
正是那一年，他開始領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運動，從外資企業(yè)手中奪回阿拉伯石油的控制權(quán)。
He was only thirty-two years old when he took over his country's oil ministry.
他擔任石油部長時年僅32歲。
But he was then among the few Saudis to have had higher western education, including, in his case, legal training at Harvard.
但那時候，他是國人中為數(shù)不多的受過高等西方教育的人。就其職位相關(guān)的教育領(lǐng)域而言，他曾在哈佛受過法律培訓(xùn)。
Although Yamani was only a commoner in the Kingdom,
雖然亞馬尼只是沙特的一介平民，
some members of the royal family had begun to recognize the contribution such a technocrat could make to the Saudi government.
但一些皇室成員已經(jīng)開始認識到這樣的技術(shù)專家可以給沙特政府帶來巨大的貢獻。
Then crown prince Faisal, later the King, championed young Yamani
當時的王儲、后來的國王費薩爾給予年輕的亞馬尼以支持，
and gave him a clear mandate to do whatever necessary to keep his country's oil benefits home in Saudi Arabia.
并明確下令派他采取必要的措施以保證石油利潤能夠肥水不流外人田。
A natural diplomat, Yamani quickly became the unproclaimed leader of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries as well as the global cartel, OPEC.
天生的外交官亞馬尼很快就成了全球卡特爾聯(lián)盟石油輸出國家組織(OPEC)中心照不宣的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
In November and December of 1973, Sheik Yamani toured western capitals to explain OPEC's radical policies, including why oil prices were going to go up by 70%.
1973年11月和12月，亞馬尼游歷多個西方國家，向人們解釋石油輸出國家組織的激進政策，比如油價為何上升70%。
His announcement shocked the world and his name became an international household word.
他的言辭震驚了全球，他的名字也家喻戶曉。
In London, one journalist wrote at the time that Sheik Yamani of Saudi Arabia was the most formidable eastern emissary to arrive in Europe
當時，倫敦有一位記者寫道，沙特阿拉伯的亞馬尼是東方派到歐洲最強大的使者，
since the Tartars swept into Russia or the Muslim hordes reached the Walls of Vienna in the Middle Ages.
在中世紀韃靼人席卷俄羅斯以及穆斯林大批抵達維也納后，這還是第一次。
In 1975, Yamani was the target when terrorists seized OPEC headquarters in Vienna and took the ministers hostage for several days.
1975年，亞馬尼成為恐怖分子的目標。當時恐怖分子控制了維也納的石油輸出國家組織總部，將許多大臣俘虜了數(shù)天。
Ever since then, Yamani surrounded himself with tough British bodyguards, and he kept his movements secret.
從那以后，亞馬尼周圍警衛(wèi)森嚴，行蹤保密。
Whenever he was seen abroad, he appeared as a superstar with his entourage.
每次他現(xiàn)身國外，周圍都是警衛(wèi)環(huán)繞，宛如巨星。
At home, in the royal Kingdom, however, his position was somewhat different.
而他在本國皇室的地位卻和在國外不太相同。
He remained a commoner and, consequently, always an outsider,
他始終是個平民，總是像局外人一樣。
useful to the monarchy only as a technocrat who could manage Saudi wealth for the true owners, the royal family.
他以技術(shù)專家的身份向君主建言獻策，為沙特財富的真正持有者——皇室管理資產(chǎn)。
Sometimes, at OPEC meetings, he would have to fly back home to consult with the King before proceeding with negotiations.
有時候，OPEC正開著會呢，他還要先飛回國跟國王商討后才能繼續(xù)會議。
At such times, ministers from revolutionary member states, like Iran,
每次這樣的時候，包括伊朗在內(nèi)的變革型成員國大臣
would criticize Yamani for being only a lackey with no power to make decisions on his own.
就會斥責亞馬尼只是傀儡，沒有權(quán)力自己做決定。
At the same time, many observers believe that Yamani's ouster yesterday was caused by King Fahd's irritation with Yamani's power base outside the kingdom.
與此同時，很多觀察家認為，亞馬尼之所以昨日遭到驅(qū)逐是因為國王法赫德因亞馬尼在國外的權(quán)力基礎(chǔ)感到憤怒。
OPEC specialist, Yousef Ibrahim of the Wall Street Journal, says Yamani got caught between demands.
OPEC專家、《華爾街日報》的優(yōu)素福·易卜拉欣表示，亞馬尼夾在各種要求中無所適從。
Yamani is also said to be an extremely sensitive and religious man.
據(jù)稱，亞馬尼本人十分敏感，而且有宗教信仰。
He has been concerned that peoples of the world should try to understand each other.
他一直都希望世界各地的人能夠試圖相互理解。
For example, in a conversation once with this reporter, Sheik Yamani said he believed all world leaders, like himself,
比如，有一次在跟記者談話時，亞馬尼表示自己希望像他一樣的
should have at least an introductory course in social anthropology in order to be tolerant of other cultures.
世界領(lǐng)袖能夠至少修一門社會人類學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)課程，這樣才能對其他文化有包容心。
The cosmopolitan Sheik Yamani will be remembered as not only a wizard of oil economics,
持世界主義觀點的亞馬尼會偉人所銘記，這不僅是因為他是石油經(jīng)濟學(xué)領(lǐng)域的魔法師，
but perhaps more as a leading diplomat who brought the Arab world into the fore again,
更因為他以外交官的身份帶領(lǐng)阿拉伯再次站上巔峰，
and changed the course of late twentieth century history.
改變了20世紀末的歷史軌跡。
I'm Elizabeth Coulton in Washington.
感謝收聽伊麗莎白·庫爾頓為您發(fā)回的報道。
