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Still, in today's world, where we no longer have to hunt in the wild for our food,
然而，在今天的世界中，人類不再像古代那樣必須在野外覓食打獵，
our desire for leadership is largely a culturally created and reinforced trait.
我們對領導意志的渴望在很大程度上是一種被文化催生和強化的特質。
How individuals view what they can and should accomplish is in large part formed by our societal expectations.
個人怎樣決定自己能做什么、應該達到怎樣的目標，在很大程度上是由我們的社會期望塑造出來的。
From the moment we are born, boys and girls are treated differently.
從一出生，男孩和女孩受到的待遇就不一樣。
Parents tend to talk to girl babies more than boy babies.
父母更傾向于和女嬰而非男嬰說話。
Mothers overestimate the crawling ability of their sons and underestimate the crawling ability of their daughters.
母親在高估小男孩爬行能力的同時，又會低估小女孩的爬行能力。
Reflecting the belief that girls need to be helped more than boys,
因為她們相信女孩比男孩更需要幫助。
mothers often spend more time comforting and hugging infant girls and more time watching infant boys play by themselves.
母親常常會花更多時間去安撫和擁抱女嬰，而花更多時間看著男嬰自己玩耍，
Other cultural messages are more blatant.
其他的文化訊息則更明顯。
Gymboree once sold onesies proclaiming "Smart like Daddy" for boys and "Pretty like Mommy" for girls.
金寶貝公司（設計的嬰兒連體服上，男孩版的圖案文字是“像爸爸一樣聰明”，女孩版的圖案文字是“和媽媽一樣漂亮”。
The same year, J. C. Penney marketed a T-shirt to teenage girls that bragged,
同一年，彭尼公司推出的一款少女T恤衫，上面印著一串看上去得意揚揚的文字：
"I'm too pretty to do homework so my brother has to do it for me."
“我漂亮到不用寫作業，所以我的兄弟必須幫我寫。”
These things did not happen in 1951. They happened in 2011.
這一切并非發生在1951年，而是發生在2011年。
Even worse, the messages sent to girls can move beyond encouraging superficial traits and veer into explicitly discouraging leadership.
更糟糕的是，傳遞給女孩們的訊息不僅意味著整個社會都在鼓勵這些膚淺的行為，而且還轉而明顯地阻礙對女孩領導力的培養。
