獨立主格結構基本標配
名詞(代詞)+現在分詞;名詞(代詞)+過去分詞;名詞(代詞)+不定式;名詞(代詞)+形容詞;名詞(代詞)+副詞;名詞(代詞)+名詞;名詞(代詞)+介詞短語
6. 名詞(代詞)+名詞
His first shot failure, he fired again.
他第一槍沒擊中,又打了一槍。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
兩百人死于事故,其中有許多兒童。
7. 名詞(代詞)+介詞短語
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.
那位獵人手里提著槍走進了樹林。
with/without 引導的獨立主格結構
with ( without)+賓語(名詞/代詞)+賓語補足語,賓語通常由名詞或代詞充當,但代詞一定要用賓格。上文的獨立主格結構的幾種情況都適用于此結構。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來,沒有人知道它在哪里。(without +名詞/代詞+動詞的-ing形式)
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。(without+名詞/代詞+動詞的-ed形式)
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有這么多的名勝可參觀,小孩很激動。(with+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式)
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父親在前,小孩在后走著。(with+名詞/代詞+副詞)
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在門口,手里拿著一部電腦。(with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語)
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。(with+名詞/代詞+形容詞)
注意:在with (without) 的復合結構中,多數情況下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。
獨立主格結構的句法功能
獨立主格結構在句中一般作狀語,表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等,還可以作定語。
1. 作時間狀語
My shoes removed, I entered a low-ceilinged room, treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.
我脫掉鞋子后,走進一間屋頂很低的房間,小心翼翼地踩在柔軟的塌塌米墊子上。
The governor pondering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path.
總督思考問題時,更多的罷工工人聚集在他要通過的路上。