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Whatever else might befall the Roman Empire, Rome herself in the Italian homeland were safe behind mountains and sea.
羅馬帝國無論發(fā)生了什么，偏安于山海背后的意大利的羅馬城都會安然無事。
The United States first sprang up between the Appalachians Mountains and the Great Lakes to the West.
美國最初興起于阿巴拉契亞山脈和西邊的大湖區(qū)之間。
And the Atlantic Ocean to the east.
東部有大西洋
But the Russ and after them the Russians could always be attacked overland from any direction.
但是俄羅斯人總能受到來自陸地上各個方向的襲擊。
Invaders from the north and the south had the added advantage of using the Russia river system as if it were a freeway.
來自北部和南部的侵略者具備更多的優(yōu)勢，可以使用水路系統(tǒng)，這水路系統(tǒng)好像就是一條高速公路。
From the earliest times, on Russian leaders realized that adding territory was the most effective means of defense.
在最早的時候，俄國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者就意識到擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土是防御的最有效的方式。
Moscow escaped the worst of the Mongol domination, because it was too far in north and west to be controlled effectively.
莫斯科躲開了蒙古的占領(lǐng)就是因?yàn)樗谖鞅辈亢苓h(yuǎn)的地方以至于不能有效地控制。
Novgorod escaped it almost completely before they were insulated by territory.
諾夫哥羅德完全避免了這一點(diǎn)，在還沒被入侵到領(lǐng)土的時候。
Two, autocracy and centralization.
第二，獨(dú)裁與集權(quán)。
The Russian people have never known anything but autocracy.
俄羅斯人民只知道獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治。
As the mythical tale of Rurik's invitation in 862 AD, indicates autocracy was an improvement over what the Slavs had previously, anarchy.
862年，留里克受邀擔(dān)任首領(lǐng)的傳說表明了獨(dú)裁改善了之前斯拉夫人的生活。
Certainly nothing in the Slavs experience steered them towards democracy.
當(dāng)然斯拉夫人經(jīng)歷的事情沒有將他們帶領(lǐng)到民主。
Nor did the Mongols make any strong case for representative government.
蒙古也沒有給代表政府做出表率。
