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Segment 17a: Muscovy Becomes Russia
17節A：莫斯科大公國成為俄羅斯帝國
In this lecture, the Rus culture rises from its wreckage, first in Vladimir's Suzdal
本次課講俄羅斯文化是在一片殘骸中興起的，起初在弗拉基米爾大公國的蘇茲達爾
and then in an unimportant, insignificant trading post on the remote Moscow River.
然后在莫斯科河上一個無足輕重的貿易港
The trading post and its small wooden fort Kremlin were so insignificant that Prince Alexander Nevsky bequeathed it to his youngest son.
這個貿易港連同那里的一座小小的木頭城堡，克里姆林都太不重要了，所以亞歷山大·涅夫斯基大公把它送給了最小的兒子
Somehow this obscure trading post managed to become the grand principate of Moscow.
不管怎樣，這個名不見經傳的貿易港最后成為莫斯科最重要的元首象征
The last grand prince of Moscow was also the first Tsar of Russia, Ivan the Fourth, better known as Ivan the Terrible.
最后一位莫斯科大公也是俄羅斯第一個沙皇伊凡四世被人們熟知的是伊凡雷帝
In Segment 17b: Gathering the Lands,
17節B：征集土地
We trace the unique relationship between the Grand Princes of Moscow,
我們一起回頭看莫斯科大公之間獨特的關系
beginning with Ivan the First, better known as Ivan "Money Bags" and the Mongol Golden Hoard.
起源于伊凡一世被人們稱為錢袋伊凡，以及蒙古金帳汗軍
The Grand Prince's tactics were not particularly moral, but they worked.
大公的策略并不光明正大但是卻有效
By hook or by crook or by both, the Muscovites gathered the lands which eventually formed the Russian heartland.
利用欺騙手段，莫斯科大公國人征集了大量土地，這些土地最后形成了俄羅斯的核心地區
We will also see how under Ivan the Great the Muscovite state began to think of itself as the Third Rome and heir to the legacy of the Byzantine Empire.
我們知道在伊凡大帝統治下莫斯科大公國開始認為自己是第三個羅馬，繼承了拜占庭帝國的傳統
Segment 17c: Ivan the Terrible
17節C伊：凡雷帝
Introduces us to Russia's first Tsar and one of history's most fascinating psychopaths.
介紹了俄國第一位沙皇歷史上最有意思的精神變態者
