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In fact, the division of Russ into smaller, appanage principalities made the nation both weaker and less centralized.
俄羅斯分裂成更小的封地，公國(guó)使國(guó)家既虛弱又不集中。
Making it comparatively easy pickings.
使它更容易成為侵略的目標(biāo)。
The only Russian principality to maintain any democratic traditions was again Great Novgorod.
俄羅斯的公國(guó)保持了一些民主的傳統(tǒng)就是大諾夫哥羅德。
Which eventually fell to Ivan The Third of Moscow in 1478.
最終伊凡三世1478年即位。
Ivon the terrible summoned Russia's first or national counsel in 1549.
在1549年，伊凡雷帝建立了重臣會(huì)議或者委員會(huì)。
But it was primarily just to approve the plans he had already made.
最開始只是通過他制定的計(jì)劃。
In 1613, the national board was called again but it selected Michael Romanov to be Tsar.
1613年，再次組織國(guó)民議會(huì)，米哈伊爾羅曼諾夫當(dāng)選成為沙皇。
A valid choice but still when push came to shove they chose autocracy.
這是有效的選擇，但當(dāng)要擺脫困境時(shí)，他們會(huì)選擇獨(dú)裁。
Three, the Orthodox Church.
第三，東正教堂。
The myth of Russia's conversion to Orthodoxy in 988 AD contains the fact that Church and State began together and that they grew together.
俄羅斯的神話在988年轉(zhuǎn)化成正教——教堂和國(guó)家開始結(jié)合。
Although the pagan way survived among the peasantry for 3 or 4 centuries.
盡管異教徒在農(nóng)民中存在了三，四個(gè)世紀(jì)了。
The Orthodox Church played an enormous role in the Russian Empire's growth.
東正教在俄羅斯帝國(guó)的成長(zhǎng)過程中發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。
For one thing it brought literacy along with it and a link to the culture of the Byzantine Empire.
一方面他帶來了文明和加強(qiáng)拜占庭文化的聯(lián)系。
Unlike Western Europeans who worshipped in Latin whether they understood Latin or not.
和西歐國(guó)家不同，崇拜拉丁語無論他們懂不懂。
Russians worshiped in Old Church Slavonic an older variant of Russian which everybody understood.
俄羅斯人敬畏古教會(huì)斯拉夫語，是每個(gè)人都可以明白的俄語的一種古老的變形。
