定義:
在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。也就是說:主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
例句:
That she survived the air crash is a miracle.
空難中她幸存了,簡直是個奇跡。
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天是否可以在露天開派對得看天氣情況。
What you need is more practice.
你需要的就是實踐。
Where we should go is a problem.
我們要去哪兒真是一個問題。
When they will come hasn't been made public.
他們的來訪時間還未公布。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鯨魚不是魚,這是一個常識。
引導(dǎo)詞(連詞):
1. 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句:that/whether/if
that引導(dǎo)的主語從句:引導(dǎo)詞that 無含義,在句中不單獨做成分,不可以省。注意:That 引導(dǎo)主語從句通常用it作形式主語。
例如:
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你不太可能獲得獎牌。
That she survived the air crash is a miracle.
空難中她幸存了,簡直是個奇跡。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鯨魚不是魚,這是一個常識。
whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句:whether有含義(是否),在句中不單獨做成分,不可以省。注意:引導(dǎo)主語從句,不能用if不能在開頭,只能用whether。
例如:
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天是否可以在露天開派對得看天氣情況。
Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much.
她能不能來其實并不重要。
if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句:if不能在開頭,需要用形式主語it,句首只能用whether。
例如:
It is not my business if it is right to do.
這樣做對不對不關(guān)我的事。
不能說:If it is right to do is not my business.
可以說:Whether it is right to do is not my business.
2. 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句:who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever
在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中,其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用,擔當一定成分。
例如:
What you need is more practice.
你需要的就是實踐。
Whatever we learn from the changes of Chinese characters is the core of social and cultural development.
我們從學(xué)習(xí)中文的變化中可以了解社會文化發(fā)展的精髓。
補充:whatever/whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義,它引導(dǎo)主語從句,并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。
例如:
任何觸犯法律的人都將受到懲罰。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主語從句)
(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (讓步狀語從句)
(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.)
3. 連接副詞:when, where, why, how
由連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語)。
例如:
Where we should go is a problem.
我們要去哪兒真的是一個問題。
When they will come hasn't been made public.
他們的來訪時間還未公布。