評論
打印
Domestic police departments, under the influence of a series of Supreme Court rulings have long since been forced to get by without resort to the third degree,
在最高法院的干涉下已經有很長一段時間國內警察局沒有是用疲勞審問等方式
and had involved other methods of questioning suspects that have demonstrated their effectiveness. One might interject here that the limitations on
而是使用了其他的刑訊手段并且效果不錯有人也許認為Rodef
Rodef discussed by Weintraub seem to apply to situations that involve the use of extreme physical force such as could cause permanent injury or death,
三項限制原則似乎適用于使用極端的能夠造成永久性傷害或者死亡的體罰
and that certain restrictions might not apply to the very techniques of humiliation and pressure the CIA and military have been using.
而不適用于中情局和軍方使用的侮辱和施加高壓等手段
It is at this point that Weintraub supplements her argument by incorporating analyses of Jewish legal position on human dignity, public shaming and self incrimination.
在這方面Weintraub補充了她的看法將猶太法中對人類尊嚴 公開侮辱和和自證其罪的相關內容加入論證
Two points here stand out because I can't go into all of that in detail.
因為不可能面面俱到這里有兩點我想強調一下
The first is the seriousness with which the Talmud takes shame and humiliation claiming that anyone who shames his fellow it is as if he spilled blood.
第一點是關于塔木德經中侮辱他人的嚴重性任何侮辱他人者就如同犯殺人罪一樣
The second is the Jewish tradition's total ban on confession in contrast to the weaker American restrictions on self incrimination.
第二點是猶太傳統中對招供的禁止跟美國對自證其罪的相對寬松的限制有人認為猶太人對招供的禁止的歷史淵源
It has been argued plausibly that the historical origins of the Jewish Ban on confession as evidence in a period when
可以追溯到猶太人受羅馬人刑訊逼供 這就使得猶太人禁止將虐待作為
Jews regularly suffered torture by Roman hands signalled an attempt to prohibit Jews from using torture themselves as a means of extracting confessions.
獲得供詞的手段 現在我想暫時放下Weintraub的論證以及
But I'd like to move now from the content of that by Weintraub's argument and of the Halakha itself into a more formal discussion.
猶太法律 進入更加正式的討論 Weintraub論證的方式可能有點近乎詭辯
Whereby Weintraub's style of reasoning may be characterised as broadly casuistic but with additional philosophical elements,
但是有著哲學的因素她確信一個前提但是并沒有明確說出那就是上帝按照他的形象創造了人類
she begins with an unstated conviction that God has created all human beings in his image and that the Jewish tradition constitutes a divinely inspired conversation about how to live in light of this knowledge.
猶太人創造了在神的啟發下的一系列談話 來告訴人們如何生活 她很大程度上是在傳統的
