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So it's always interesting to think through what you yourself would do differently if the price of your soda went up by 15 to 20%
你們可以想象，汽水漲價(jià)15-20%后你們會(huì)怎么做
This may mean for some people one less soda a day.
有些人一天可能少喝一支，
It may mean smaller sodas
有些人可能會(huì)喝較小瓶的蘇打水
But the idea, as the economists looked at how we make decisions in relationship to our consumption of sugary beverages
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家通過消費(fèi)者購買行為進(jìn)行分析認(rèn)為
this 15 to 20% increase is thought to be related to about an 8 to 10% decrease in consumption of beverages
15-20%的漲價(jià)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)量8-10%的下降
From a state's perspective, this is supposed to be revenue generating
從各州觀點(diǎn)來看，這能增加稅收
So it's supposed to generate revenue that would actually go into public health efforts that are important for the state
這讓公共健康領(lǐng)域有更多資金可以投入，這對州很有好處
But they would get this added benefit that by reducing soda consumption, hopefully we would reduce diabetes across the state
除此之外還能減少汽水消費(fèi)量，進(jìn)而減少州內(nèi)的糖尿病患病率
This is our estimates when we've looked at the proposed tax for the state of California
根據(jù)加州的提議稅收，這是我們的估算數(shù)據(jù)
We know that when people choose to drink less soda they might do a variety of different things. They might choose to drink water
人們減少汽水飲用后可能選擇喝水做替代
They might choose to drink milk
可能選擇喝牛奶
They might choose to substitute in other ways
可能選擇其它替代方式
And so it doesn't mean that just because you stopped drinking soda. You're not going to drink other things that have calories in them
當(dāng)然，就算停止喝汽水也不能保證替代品不含卡路里
So part of thinking through what would actually happen depends upon what people do to substitute the soda that they're now not drinking
所以研究時(shí)還要考慮人們采用什么替代飲品
We estimated 10 to 20% reduction and different ideas for how much people would compensate for their caloric intake if they reduce their soda intake
我們對替代品按卡路里含量進(jìn)行分類并按照汽水10-20%的減少量進(jìn)行了計(jì)算
And based even on conservative estimates
這里還是保守計(jì)算
this proposed tax policy in our estimation could result in a decrease in diabetes in the state of California from between 3 to 7% over the next 10 years
提案的稅收政策會(huì)使得加州未來10年內(nèi)，糖尿病發(fā)病率減少3-7%
And these are small but actually really quite striking numbers when one thinks that this is the result of a fairly low tax on a beverage that
這個(gè)數(shù)字不大，但效果也足夠明顯,因?yàn)轱嬃隙愡€相對較低
is really not contributing much to our nutritional intake anyway That would result in small changes in the consumption of these products
幾乎不會(huì)影響到營養(yǎng)攝取只會(huì)讓汽水消費(fèi)量少量變化
and would really have a dramatic impact on a very real undramatic unless diabetes
這對其它影響都不大，除了糖尿病
And so it's these types of numbers that really let legislators in California and across the country to really consider this type of taxation is an important public health measure for their states
正是這些數(shù)字讓加州乃至全國的立法者注意到這種稅收對各州的公共健康非常重要
So we've seen that sugary beverages are associated with high energy intake
小結(jié)一下，含糖飲料關(guān)系到高能量攝取
These are of course low nutrient foods. They are associated with increased weight gain and an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
它們顯然是低營養(yǎng)食品，會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加進(jìn)而提高糖尿病及心血管疾病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
Changing consumption patterns are necessary to reduce risk and improve health
更改消費(fèi)習(xí)慣對減少患病，增進(jìn)健康都有好處
