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I think more interesting to me has been the link to other types of things like diabetes
在我看來，更有趣的是含糖飲料同糖尿病之間的關聯
This is evidence from the nurses health study, a study of nearly 100,000 women who were followed for 8 year
這是來自看護健康研究的數據，研究了接近10萬女性，跟蹤8年
In this study, the risk of diabetes was doubled in those who consumed greater than one drink a day compared to those who consumed less than one drink a month
研究顯示，就糖尿病風險而言，每天飲用超過一次含糖飲料的女性患病幾率是每月飲用少于一次者的兩倍
And the most striking thing here was, this wasn't related to weight gain
更讓人驚奇的是，這獨立于體重增加
That even after you controlled how much weight
即便是控制住了體重
Difference there was between women who were high consumers of sugary beverages and women who were low consumers of sugary beverages
僅僅含糖飲料飲用量的不同就會讓患病率變化
The diabetes risk was independent of the weight gain
糖尿病患病風險獨立于體重增加
And many people have really done some nice basic science and physiological work suggesting that it might be high fructose corn syrup
還有很多人進行了很棒的基礎生理學研究結果顯示高果糖玉米糖漿
other things in these beverages that are really related to diabetes risk independent of the effects of weight gain
這些飲料中的其它成分，對糖尿病影響很大，獨立于體重增加
Here's what's happened to the price of all of these substances over time
這里是這些飲品價格隨時間變化的趨勢
You'll see at the bottom of this price index is carbonated beverages
最下方碳酸飲料的價格指數
So as I counsel my patients to eat more fruits and vegetables
我總建議我的患者多吃水果和蔬菜
Eating more fruits and vegetables are costing my patients and are costing me more money, because those prices have risen over time
不過水果和蔬菜價格顯然更高，價格隨時間上升更快
Strikingly the cost of sodas has really stayed remarkably flat
相比之下，汽水的價格變化非常平緩
And I think this cost differential has led many people to suggest that we should really try to think about shifting people's patterns of behavior by looking at the costs here
這里的價格差異讓學界認為應該通過價格來改變人們的行為模式
So this is the rationale behind tax policy
稅收政策的想法就是從此而來
That's been proposed here in California and many other proposals nationally as well
不管是加利福尼亞還是全國其它地方
This is a proposal for an excise tax leveled at the point of the supply chain making manufacturers, bottlers, or distributors responsible for paying the tax
都有議案，要求在供應鏈層面收稅讓生產商，灌裝商，分銷商交稅
So they're responsible for paying, meaning they're gonna give the cost back to us in the terms of higher cost of the beverage
他們會將稅錢轉嫁給消費者，這就增加了飲料成本
This tax, it's estimated, will amount to about a penny per ounce increase in the cost of these beverages
據估計，該稅收會導致飲料中1美分/盎司的成本增加
So putting into the cost of a soda by 15 to 20% depending on the size of the soda
總體來看，會讓汽水價格增加15-20%
and the projections from the economist is that this type of tax would actually decrease consumption by about 8 to 10%
經濟學家預測這類稅收會減少8-10%的消費量
