評論
打印
I want to focus you really on the two on the left-hand side of your screen
最需要大家注意的是最左側(cè)這兩種
because what was striking to us
非常驚人
was that across the US population reducing salt by half a teaspoon a day
美國人均鹽攝取量減少半茶匙
had the same population benefit as decreasing the number of smokers by half
效果同全國吸煙者人數(shù)減半效果相當
So this is quite a big change and a big dramatic benefit for public health
這是公共健康方面巨大且顯著的好處
Now let's be clear
我講明確一點
If you are an individual and you smoke
對吸煙的個體而言
the single most important thing you can do for your heart health is to stop smoking
對心臟健康最重要的莫過于停止吸煙
But across the population
但就整個國家的人口而言
an individual when they stop smoking
個體戒煙時
they have a dramatic benefit for themselves and they have a benefit for the people around them who now are no longer exposed to secondhand smoke
只對自身及周圍吸二手煙的人有顯著好處
but there are no additional benefits for the rest of us who are not smokers
對人口中其他人沒有明顯影響
The interesting thing about reducing salt in the food supply is that everyone basically benefits a little bit
而減少鹽供應(yīng)量能讓每個人都受益
You benefit more if you're older
老年人受益更大
You benefit more if you already have hypertension
高血壓患者受益更大
But everybody benefits a little bit from a slightly lower blood pressure
不過所有人都能從較低血壓中受益
So the reason why on average these two numbers turn out to be quite the same
所以，平均而言，這兩種舉措數(shù)字接近
is because reducing smoking have a large effect on a smaller number of people
減少吸煙是對少量人有大的效果
and reducing salt in the food supply
而減少食品中鹽的供給
has a smaller but measurable effect on everyone in the US
對全美國所有人有較小但明顯的效果
How could we reduce salt in our diet?
如何減少膳食中的鹽
These are some ad campaigns in the UK that have been quite successful
這是英國的一系列廣告，非常成功
The left is Sid the Slug
左側(cè)是一只叫Sid的鼻涕蟲
who's always known that too much salt is bad for his heart
說鹽太多它心臟受不了
And on the right is the sort of advocacy campaign really encouraging people in restaurants
右側(cè)的廣告則鼓勵人們到餐館進餐時
to ask for a no salt added to their food or less salt added to their food
要求食物里面少放或不放鹽
The UK in 2003, their Food and Drug Administration launched a public health campaign
2003年，英國食品和藥物管理局啟動公共健康項目
to encourage food manufacturers to lower salt in their products
鼓勵食品生產(chǎn)商降低產(chǎn)品含鹽量
Their goal is to reduce salt intake by a third over the time period from 2005-2010
目標是在2005-2010年，將鹽攝取量減少1/3
They raised awareness in general through campaigns like Sid the Slug
政府通過鼻涕蟲Sid之類的廣告，吸引公眾注意
They worked really closely with the food industry
同食品工業(yè)密切合作
They basically identified 75 food products
他們要求75種食物產(chǎn)品
and they said we want you over this time period to start reducing salt in each of these products
在這段時間內(nèi)減少含鹽量
They use both a little bit of a carrot and stick approach
政府采取了胡蘿卜加大棒的方法
The food companies knew that there was gonna be monitoring
食品公司知道有監(jiān)管
knew that these targets were going to be reevaluated yearly
知道這些目標每年會再評估
and there was quite clear surveillance of what was going on
政府對發(fā)展情況的監(jiān)督也非常明晰
And they got many of the food industries to the table and to agree for particular categories of products that this was going be the goal
政府將很多食品公司都找來讓他們答應(yīng)特定產(chǎn)品類別的目標
There's pretty clear labeling in the UK. Labeling is on the front of the package
英國有很明晰的標注，就在包裝正面
There's traffic light labeling. So red means way too much
有紅綠燈標記，紅色表示太多
Yellow means be cautious and green mean this is a good low amount
黃色表示請謹慎，綠色表示良好低量
And they do that for salt and for fats
食鹽和脂肪都有這種標記
