評論
打印
Spend some time in the central valley
若有機會造訪中央谷地區
Go to Kern county or Tulare county
到科恩縣或圖萊里縣看看
Many other states in the central valley
或者去中央谷地區的其他州看看
And you gonna find a lot of poverty
你會發現很多地方仍未擺脫貧困
And you have actually for a long time
這些情況會很常見
Some geographers will tell you that actually come from the nature of California agriculture
有些地理學家可能會說這是由加州農業的性質造成的
When you have very high demand for seasonal labor
當地對臨時勞動力需求很高
And low demand for year-around labor
而對長期勞動力需求低
This is something we can talk about Ok comes into dashpot
這導致了我們看到的緩沖現象
We can talk about Mexico migrants now
以及墨西哥人口流動的現象
But it's the situation where there's a lot of employment for short period of time
這些現象都是由大量地雇傭短期工造成的
And that was generally correlated with high levels of poverty
而這也間接造成了這些地區的貧困
That comes from that agriculture economy
這種現象由農業經濟模式決定的
One thing that's interesting is you can correlate this with that "red blue" map at all
另外一個有趣的現象是你也許能把這幅地圖和紅藍地圖聯系上
You know, we have a swath in the southwest from Texas
如圖可見一個從德州向西南延伸的狹長地帶
Being also the second most inequal distributed wealth pattern in the country
該區域是僅次于加州的財富分配不平等的區域
And heavily Republican voting
該區域明顯地傾向于共和黨
We can see states that have low income inequality like Iowa classic purple state
看看收入差距較小的州如愛荷華向來被視作一個紫色州
Also red state like Wyoming in that same category
又如懷俄明，一個紅州
So this is really hard to
似乎很難從中找到投票傾向的規律
What this map what correlate well with would be Hispanic population
這幅地圖和西班牙裔人口分布聯系緊密
Actually there's a pretty good fit to that map right now
事實上，他們之間的聯系是很明顯的
So North Carolina with a large Hispanic population
北加州生活著大量的西班牙人
And the states like Iowa with very low
而愛荷華州的西班牙人則很少
So all of this reflects somewhere recent immigration
這反映出收入差距與近代移民的關系
What if we look at the lower end of the income spectrum
回來看看收入較低的州的情況
So, this is by median household income
其中，收入指的是家庭收入的中位數
Percentage voting for George Bush in 2004
百分數是指該州04年布什的支持率
So we have from the poorest state second poorest, third poorest and so on
我們看到最窮州以及倒數第二，第三的州
So we can see Mississippi is the poorest state,
密西西比州是收入最低的
One thing is about it's about half of the median household income
其家庭收入中數只能達到
That we had in the wealthy states we saw before states like Maryland, Connecticut and so on
先前看到的富裕州，如馬里蘭州或康涅狄格州的一半左右
That's a big exaggeration
但這夸大了密西西比州的貧困情況
Because it's a lot cheaper to live in Mississippi
因為密西西比的生活成本比其他州低很多
So if we're actually taking it purchasing power parity
所以如果我們考慮到購買力的差異
Wealthy state like Maryland has about like one and half times the average income than the poor state like Mississippi
像馬里蘭這些富有的州平均收入約為密西西比等較貧窮州的1.5倍
By global standards that's not huge by any means
依照國際標準這種收入差距絕對不算大
That's substantial though
但也不小
And we certainly do find the poor states heavily voting for the Republican party
我們明顯地看到在這些較窮的州共和黨支持率都非常高
59% for George Bush here in Mississippi
密西西比有59%的人投票給喬治布什
62% we saw this before in Alabama
阿拉巴馬則有62%
New Mexico which was razor edge in election in 2004
04年新墨西哥州的選情觸人心弦
Bush barely barely winning is the one poor state. here that's in the purple category
布什差點在這個貧窮州獲勝，這也是該列表中唯一一個紫色州
The rest are for presidential elections in the red camp, in the red category
其余州在大選中都是不折不扣的紅色州
We can see the same thing in California at the county level
在加州的縣級我們會看到類似情況
And this is per capita rather than household income
這里顯示的是人均而不是家庭收入
