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Obesity boosts the risk of premature death
肥胖加大過早死亡的風險
Simply being overweight, but not obese, from an early age boosts the risk of premature death by a third—as much as smoking up to 10 cigarettes a day, researchers in Sweden reported on February 25.
瑞典的研究人員于2月25日稱,從小超重但又不屬于肥胖的人過早死亡的幾率會提高1/3——這跟一天吸多達10支煙一樣高。
People who are clinically obese by the age of 18 more than double that risk, putting themselves in the same danger zone as long-term heavy smokers of normal weight, they found.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn),18歲前在臨床上肥胖的人其過早死亡的風險會提高一倍，和體重正常的長期吸煙不節(jié)制者一樣。
And combining the two factors accumulates the risk: an obese heavy smoker, for example, is nearly five times as likely to die prematurely than a non-smoker who is neither too thin nor too fat.
將這兩個因素結(jié)合起來會加大過早死亡的風險:肥胖的煙鬼過早死亡幾率是既不太胖又不太瘦且不吸煙的人的近5倍。
At least a billion people in the world are overweight, and nearly a third of them are obese, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity rates have soared over the last three decades, especially among children.
根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(世衛(wèi)組織)的資料,世界上至少有10億人超重,其中近1/3的人屬于肥胖類型。近30年來肥胖率不斷飄升，尤其是在兒童中。
Earlier studies have shown that being excessively fat shortens lifespan and leads to increased rates of chronic disease such as diabetes and arteriosclerosis.
早先的研究已經(jīng)證明，過度肥胖會縮短壽命,并導(dǎo)致如糖尿病、動脈硬化等慢性病發(fā)病率的增加。
But researchers have disagreed sharply up to now on whether being above ideal weight without crossing the line to obesity takes years off one’s life.
但研究人員直到最近還在超重但不肥胖是否會縮短人的壽命上存在嚴重分歧。
Nor have previous studies directly compared the impact on mortality of smoking and excess weight.
以往的研究也沒有直接比較吸煙和超重對死亡率的影響。
The study designed by Martin Neovius of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm goes a long way to setdlng the debate, and shows clearly for the first time that being too heavy can be as dangerous as smoking a couple of packs a day.
由斯德哥爾摩卡羅淋斯卡研究所馬丁內(nèi)奧維烏斯所作的研究對該爭論的解決大有幫助。該研究第一次清楚地顯示了太胖和一天吸幾包煙一樣危險。
Neovius and colleagues analysed data for 45,000 men who underwent mandatory military conscription tests in Sweden in 1969 and 1970 at the age of 18.
內(nèi)奧維烏斯和他的同事分析了1969年和1970年接受瑞典強制性征兵體檢的45000個18歲男性的數(shù)據(jù)。
Data included participants，smoking habits, and their body-mass index (BMI)—weight in kilogrammes divided by the square of one’s height in meters.
數(shù)據(jù)包括參與者的吸煙習慣和他們的身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)——人的體重(單位為千克)除以身高的平方(單位為米)。
A BMI of 25-to-30 indicates being overweight, while above 30 means one is obese. The range of normal weight is 18.5 to 24.9.
BMI在25至30之間的為超重,而超過30即為肥胖。正常范圍是18.5至24.9之間。
The follow up period was, on average, 38 years. During that time, 2,897 subjects died.
后續(xù)階段是參與者平均在38歲時所作的調(diào)査。在此期間，有2897人死亡.
The lowest death rate, as expected, was among non-smokers of normal weight But researchers were surprised to find tbat being obese carried a greater risk of premature death than being a heavy smoker.
跟預(yù)期的一樣,正常體重的非吸煙者死亡率最低。不過，研究人員驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn),肥胖的人過早死亡的風險比大煙鬼還高。
Even more startling, however, were the dangers of being overweight.
然而,更令人吃驚的是超重的危險。
“What we show is that for the overweight, there is a significantly increased risk of premature death, similar to smoking one-to-ten cigarettes a day,” said Neovius in a phone interview.
內(nèi)奧維烏斯在電話采訪中說廣我們的研究顯示,超重提高的過早死亡風險和每天吸10支煙一樣。”
Two key studies in the United Statesone at the Center for Disease Control and the famous Nurses' Health Study at Harvardhad arrived at opposite conclusions on this question.
美國兩個關(guān)鍵的研究——由美國疾病預(yù)防中心和著名的哈佛大學(xué)護士健康研究所所做，已經(jīng)得出了關(guān)于這個問題的相反結(jié)論。
“Our results confirm the Harvard findings,” said Neovius, whose research was published in the British Medical Journal.
內(nèi)奧維烏斯說我們的研究結(jié)果證實了哈佛大學(xué)的結(jié)論。”他們的研究發(fā)表在《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上。
The two studies are highly complementary, he added. “We find exactly the same in men and they did in women," erasing any doubts as to possible differences across the sexes.
這兩項研究的互補性很強,他補充說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)男性在這個問題上的確和女性完全一樣。”這 排除了所有對性別差異的懷疑。
The Swedish study did find, however, that being severely underweight-a BMI of under 17— carried about the same risk of early death as being overweight or a light smoker.
但是，瑞典的研究確實發(fā)現(xiàn)，體重嚴重不足(BMI在17以下)和超重或輕度吸煙者過早死亡的風險是一樣的。
Policy makers should take note of these results, and increase awareness of the risks related to being too fat, or too thin, Neovius said.
內(nèi)奧維烏斯說,政策制定者應(yīng)考慮到這些結(jié)果,并增加對于過胖或過瘦的危害的認識。
