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The methology of organic foods collapses
有機食品的神話覆滅
Organic food is no more nutritious than conventionally produced food, say British experts who reviewed 50 years of research on the question.
有機食品并不比傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的食品健康一英國專家在回顧50年來關(guān)于該話題的釀后得出了此結(jié)論。
Organic foods are made according to certain production standards. For the vast majority of human history, agriculture can be described as organic; only during the 20th century was a large supply of new synthetic chemicals introduced to the food supply. This more recent style of production is referred to as “conventional，"though organic production has been the convention for a much greater period of time. Under organic production, the use of conventional non-organic pesticides, insecticides and herbicides is greatly restricted and saved as a last resort. However, contrary to popular belief, certain non-organic fertilizers are still used. If livestock are involved, they must be reared without the routine use of antibiotics and without the use of growth hormones, and generally fed a healthy diet.
有機食品是按照一定生產(chǎn)標準進行生產(chǎn)的。人類歷史上絕大多數(shù)時間的農(nóng)業(yè)可以說是有機的，只有在20世紀才開始在食品供應(yīng)上大量引人化學(xué)合成品。盡管有機生產(chǎn)作為傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)方式的時間更長,但是這種生產(chǎn)方式最近才被稱為“傳統(tǒng)”。在有機生產(chǎn)方式下，傳統(tǒng)使用的非有機農(nóng)藥、殺蟲劑、除草劑被嚴格限制,不到非不得已不得使用。不過,與普遍看法相反的是,一些非有機肥料仍在使用。如果涉及牲畜，在飼養(yǎng)時不得使用非常規(guī)的抗生素、催長激素,通常用健康配方飼養(yǎng)。
According to the UK’s Food Standards Agency, "Consumers may choose to buy organic fruit, vegetables and meat because they believe them to be more nutritious than other food. However, the balance of current scientific evidence does not support this view.”
英國食品標準局稱:“消費者可能會選擇購買有機水果、蔬菜和肉類，因為他們認為它們會比其他食物營養(yǎng)。然而,就目前來說,沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)支持這個觀點。
“Our review indicates there is currently no evidence to support the selection of organically over conventionally produced crops and livestock on the basis of nutritional supremacy, said public health nutritionist Alan Dangour of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)院的公共健康營養(yǎng)師艾倫丹格說：“我們的調(diào)査研究表明，目前沒有證據(jù)表明有機農(nóng)作物和牲口在營養(yǎng)價值上比傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的有優(yōu)勢。”
The systematic review of 55 studies was conducted by Dr. Dangour's LSHTM group for the UK Food Standards Agency, and was published on July 30，2009 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
丹格博士所屬的倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)院是英國食品標準局的下屬機構(gòu),它們對55項研究作了系統(tǒng)調(diào)査，并于2009年7月30日把結(jié) 果刊登在《美國臨床營養(yǎng)學(xué)》雜志上。
The FSA’s director of consumer choice and dietary health, Gill Fine, said: “This study does not mean that people should not eat organic food. ”
食品標準局的消費者選擇和飲食衛(wèi)生部主任吉爾費恩說這項研究并不意味著人們不應(yīng)該吃有機食品。”
"What it shows is that there is little, if any, nutritional difference between organic and conventionally produced food and there is no evidence of additional health benefits from eating oiganic food,"
“這表明，有機生產(chǎn)的食品和傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的食品在營養(yǎng)上幾乎沒有區(qū)別,也沒有證據(jù)表明吃有機食品對身體更有益。”
Lydia Buchtmann, from Food Standards Australia New Zealand, said the regulatory body was aware of the research but, like the FSA, took no formal view on whether consumers should eat organic foods or not. “This study shows both are equally nutritious,” she said.
澳大利亞、新西蘭食品標準監(jiān)管機構(gòu)的麗迪雅巴奇曼說,他們注意到這項研究,但和英國食品標準局一樣,他們也沒有對消費者是否應(yīng)該吃有機食品作出正式表態(tài)。她說:“這項研究表明，兩者在營養(yǎng)價值上是一樣的。”
Australian nutritionist Rosemary Stanton was more critical.“The report is just a reiteration of what we’ve been saying for a long time，"she said.
澳大利亞營養(yǎng)學(xué)家羅斯瑪麗斯坦頓的態(tài)度更加不屑。她說這份報告只是重復(fù)我們一直以來所說的話。”
She added that the review did not look at other factors affecting nutritional value, such as chemical residues, and also said little about levels of health-promoting plant compounds, such as fiavonoids and sulforaphane, the anti-caneer substance in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and radishes.
她還說,調(diào)查沒有考慮其他影響營養(yǎng)價值的因素，比如化學(xué)殘留物;也沒有提及對人體健康水平起促進作用的植物化合物,如花椰菜和蘿卜這些十字花科蔬菜中所含的類黃酮和蘿卜硫素這些抗癌物質(zhì)。
Dr. Stanton said Dr. Dangour’s group failed to cover the effect of “soil health” on the nutritional status of crops.
斯坦頓博士說丹格博士的機構(gòu)沒有考慮“土壤健康”對作物營養(yǎng)狀況的影響。
She pointed to a super-broccoli announced this week by Australian and New Zealand researchers, saying, “It must be grown with lower quantities of fertilizer than conventional broccoli”.
她指出，澳大利亞和新西蘭的研究人員本星期宣布的超級花椰菜“種植時所用的化肥肯定比傳統(tǒng)花椰菜少"。
Sydney-based dietician Alan Barclay agreed the results were “no surprise to dieticians’，.
在悉尼工作的營養(yǎng)師艾倫巴克萊贊同“沒有營養(yǎng)師會驚訝”這個結(jié)果。
Meanwhile, a Choice survey has found that butchers selling organic meat were unsure about what the terra “organic” means and who certifies it.
同時，抽査發(fā)現(xiàn)賣有機牛肉的肉販并不確定“有機”的含義是什么,也不知道是誰給的認證。
Only 11，or just over a third, of 29 butchers surveyed in Melbourne and Sydney were able to correctly name the body that certified their organic beef.
在墨爾本和悉尼的調(diào)査中,29個肉販中只有11個人可以說出給他們牛肉做認證的機構(gòu)的正確名字，也就是說，才剛超過1/3。
