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Fatherhood is an important part of what makes us human
父親是培養(yǎng)孩子人情味的關鍵
Some 95 percent of male mammals have little to no interaction with their children. Homo sapiens are one of the most notable exceptions，leading some scientists to think fatherhood is an important part of what makes us human.
約有95%的雄性哺乳動物很少或根本不和子女交流。智人是最值得注意的一個例外,致使一些科學家認為父性在培養(yǎng)孩子富有人情味方面起著重要作用。
Most theories for the family involvement of fathers invoke the familiar Man the Hunter characterization, in which dad protects and provides for his young.
大多數(shù)牽扯到父親的家庭理論都提到我們所熟悉的《男人，獵人》中的特性描寫，即父親保護孩子的安全,并為孩子提供生活費用.
While fathers do play key roles in securing the physical health of their children, they also can be important for the optimum development of psychological and emotional traits considered to be primarily human, such as empathy, emotional control and the ability to navigate complex social relationships.
父親不僅在確保孩子身體健康方面起著重要作用，在培養(yǎng)孩子最佳心理和情感品質方面也能起到重要作用。這些品質被視為最重要的人性品質,比如同情心、情緒控制以及處理復雜社會關系的能力。
Unlike many other animals, humans need their fathers well beyond the act that leads to conception, researchers are coming to realize.
研究人員逐漸認識到，人類有別于其他許多動物,他們對父親的需要遠遠超出其導致受孕的行為。
There is plenty of time for this emotional hand-off. While other primate babies can fend for themselves in roughly a decade, human childhood stretches 18 to 20 years, said David Geary of the University of Missouri and author of Male, Female: Evolution of Human Sex Differences (American Psychological Association, 1998).
人類有充足的時間進行這種情感的傳遞。密蘇里州州立大學的大衛(wèi)吉爾里是《男性，女性:人類性別差異的演化》(美國心理學會，1998)的作者。他說,其他靈長類動物的幼子能在大約10年后獨自謀生,而人類的童年卻延長到18至20年。
Also, anthropologists speculate that the relative helplessness of human children has made multiple caregivers a vital necessitythat encourages bringing dad into the picture‘ Even today, in both traditional and industrialized communities, a father’s presence correlates with improved health and decreased child mortality, Geary said.
此外，人類學家推測,人類兒童的相對無助使得他們極其需要眾多的照顧者,這促使父親也加人進來。吉爾里說，即使在今天，無論在傳統(tǒng)的群落還是工業(yè)化社區(qū),父親的存在都與改善孩子的健康狀況、降低孩子的死亡率有關系。
Evolutionarily speaking，he added, the kid-phase probably lengthened as dads got more involved. With an extra person dedicated to caring for them, kids have no need to rush towards adulthood.
他補充道,從進化的角度來說由于父親的參與,兒童期有可能延長，由于有專人精心照顧他們,孩子們也就沒有必要急著走向成年期。
Perhaps out of worry for their kids’ future financial security, dads across human cultures mostly focus on preparing children to compete within society. They give advice, encourage academic success and stress achievement, Geary said. But it is not all lesson plans and lectures.
也許是出于擔心孩子未來的經濟保障,在整個人類文化中父親主要側重于為孩子參與社會競爭作好準備。吉爾里說,他們給孩子提出建議、鼓勵他們爭取學科成就，并且重視他們的學習成績。但這并不全部是課程計劃和講座。
Kids also learn from fathers during a unique form of papa play. Unlike mothers, fathers tend to roughhouse with their children.
孩子們還通過和爸爸玩游戲這種獨特的形式向父親學習。因為父親和母親不同,他們更喜歡和孩子們打打鬧鬧地玩耍。
“They rile them up, almost to the point Aat they are going to snap, and then calm them down,” Geary said.
吉爾里說廣他們激怒孩子，把他們通到幾乎要崩潰的地步,然后再設法使他們安靜下來，”
This pattern teaches kids to control their emotions a trait that garners them popularity among superiors and peers, he said.
他說，父親以這種模式教會孩子如何控制自己的情緒一這是一種讓他們在長輩和同輩中受到普遍歡迎的品質。
Good fathers are rewarded with qualify family relationships across the board, Geaiy said.
吉爾里說,好父親得到的回報是家人關系非常和睦。
When children have warm relationships with their father, as well as calm home lives, tbey tend to sexually mature later. Their bodies intuit they are safe and time is takm perfecting social skills before enteriag lihe real world, Geary said.
孩子們和父親關系密切,家庭生活又平靜安寧，日后性別成熟就更容易形成。吉爾里說，他們的身體本能地知道自己是安全的，因此在進入現(xiàn)實社會之前,就能花費充足的時間完善社會技能。
The extra practice gives children a competitive edge. As adults, they are more likely to form secure relationships, achieve stable social standing and become able parents. In this sense, a fther who takes care of his children also gives his grandchildien a leg up.
這種特別的培養(yǎng)方式給孩子提供了競爭優(yōu)勢。長大成人后,他們更可能形成可靠的人際關 系,獲得穩(wěn)定的社會地位進而成為有能力的父母。從這個意義上來說,照顧孩子的父親也會給孫輩提供幫助。
Not that involved dads must wait to be grandpas to reap rewards firom pitching in with childcare. In addition to experiencing die tenderness of the &ther-child bond, many dads gain a feeling of camaraderie by providing support for mom. Also, the more help a mother receives after giving birth, the faster she becomes fertile again.
和孩子關系密切的父親,并不一定要等到當了爺爺才能獲得協(xié)助教養(yǎng)孩子的回報。許多父親不僅從中體驗到溫存的父子關系,還通過為母親提供幫助而獲得友愛的感覺。另外,母親分挽后獲得的幫助越多再次受孕的速度也越快。
