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Jeans are pants, or trousers, made from denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among teenagers starting in the 1950s. Historic brands include Levi’s and Wrangler.
牛仔褲是用牛仔布做的褲子。它們主要是為上班族而設計的， 從20世紀50年代起開始深受青少年的喜愛。老牌子包括利瓦伊和牧 馬人等。
Jeans are now a very popular form of casual dress around the world, and have been so for decades. They come in many styles and colors; however, “blue jeans” are particularly identified with American culture, especially the American Old West. The American population spent more than $14 billion on jeans in 2004.
從幾十年前開始到現在，牛仔褲一直是世界上非常流行的休閑 裝款式。它們有多種款式和顏色,其中“藍色牛仔褲”被認為是最具 美國特色（特別是美國老西部)。2004年,美國人在牛仔褲上的花費 艦了 140fc美元。
Trousers made from corduroy or canvas are sometimes incorrectly called jeans. However, traditionally the word “jeans” referred to trousers made exclusively out of denim.
用燈芯絨或帆布做的褲子有時被誤認為是牛仔褲。然而，傳統 上“牛仔褲”專指用牛仔布做的褲子。
The word “jeans” comes from the French phrase bleu de Genes, literally the blue of Genoa. Jeans fabric, or denim, originated independently iu two places: the French town of Nimes, to which “denim” owes its name; and in India, where trousers made of denim material were worn by the sailors of Dhunga, which came to be known as dungarees.
“牛仔褲”一詞源自法語短語bleu de Gbes,字面上的意思是 熱那亞藍色。牛仔布起源于兩個不同的地方:一是法國城鎮Nimes， “denim”一詞里包含了它的名字,二是印度,在那里Dhunga的水手穿牛仔布做的褲子，那種褲子后來被稱為粗棉布工裝褲。
At around the same time, denim trousers were made in Chieri, a town near Turin (Italy), during the Renaissance, and were popularised in the 16th century. These trousers were sold through the harbour of Genoa, which was the capital of the independent Republic of Genoa.
大約在同一時期，都靈(意大利）附近的一個名為Chieri的小鎮 在文藝復興時期制作牛仔布褲子，并在16世紀開始流行。這些褲子 在熱那亞港出售，那里是獨立的熱那亞共和國的首都。
Early examples of these trousers were made for the Genoese Navy, which required all-purpose pants for its sailors. They required pants that could be worn wet or dry, the legs of which could easily be rolled up to wear while swabbing the deck. These jeans were laundered by dragging them in large mesh nets behind the ship, and the exposure to sea water and sun would gradually bleach them to white. They were especially worn by Genoese sailors and stevedores who woriced in France.
這種褲子早期的款式是為熱那亞海軍而設計的,因為他們需要 多功能的水手褲子。他們需要在潮濕和干燥情況下都能穿的長褲， 褲子的褲腳也要方便卷起以便他們在甲板上打掃。這些牛仔褲被扔 在大漁網里拖在船后面用海水清洗,在陽光的直接暴曬下,它們漸 漸被漂成白色。它們是熱那亞水手和法國碼頭工人的服裝。
Initially, blue jeans were simply sturdy trousers worn by workers, especially in the factories during World War Ⅱ. During this period, men’s jeans had the zipper down the front, whereas women’s jeans had the zipper down the right side. By the 1960s, both men’s and women's jeans had the zipper down the front.
藍色牛仔褲最初(尤其是在二戰期間的工廠里)是工人們穿的耐穿褲子。在此期間，男式牛仔褲的拉鏈在正面,而女式牛仔褲的拉鏈在右側。到60年代,男式和女 式牛仔褲的拉鏈都在正面。
After James Dean popularized them in the movie, Rebel Without a Cause, wearing blue jeans by teenagers and young adults became a symbol of youth rebellion during the 1950s. Because of this, they were sometimes banned in theaters, restaurants and schools.
20世紀50年代，在詹姆斯·迪安的電影((無端的反叛》將藍色牛仔褲推廣后,少年和青年穿藍 色牛仔褲被認為是青春期叛逆的象征。因此電影院、餐館和學校有時禁止穿藍色牛仔褲。
During the 1960s the wearing of blue jeans became more acceptable. By the 1970s they had become a general fashion in the United States, at least for informal wear.
20世紀60年代,藍色牛仔褲開始被更多的人接受。到了 20世紀70年代,牛仔褲——至少作為非 正式服裝，已經成為美國大眾的潮流。
Notably, in the mid-1970s the denim and textiles industry was revolutionized by the introduction of the stone-washing technique by GWG (Great Western Garment Co.), Entrepreneur, importer, and noted eccentric Donald Freeland of Edmonton, Alberta pioneered the method, which helped to bring denim to a larger and more versatile market. Denim suddenly became an attractive product for all age groups and Freeland became one of the most important innovators in the history of denim and denim products. Acceptance of jeans continued through the 1980s and 1990s to the point where jeans are now a wardrobe staple, with the average North American owning seven pairs.
值得注意的是,在70年代中期，西部大制衣有限公司的石洗技術的引進使得牛仔布和紡織工 業發生了革命性的變化。創業家、進口商、艾伯塔省埃德蒙頓的唐納德弗里蘭率先使用該方法， 它有助于牛仔布獲得更大更靈活的市場。牛仔布突然成為了對所有年齡階層都有吸引力的產品， 而弗里蘭也成為了牛仔布和牛仔布產品發展史上最重要的創新者之一。牛仔褲在20世紀80年代和 90年代繼續為人們所接受,現在牛仔褲是衣柜里的主要產品,北美人均擁有7條牛仔褲。
Jeans can be worn very loose in a manner that completely conceals the shape of the wearer’s lower body, or they can be snugly fitting and accentuate the body. Historic photographs indicate that in the decades before they became a staple of fashion, jeans generally fit quite loosely, much like a pair of bib overalls without the bib. Indeed, until I960, Levi Strauss denominated its flagship product “waist overalls” rather than “jeans".
牛仔褲既可以穿得非常寬松,掩蓋穿著的人下半身的形狀,也可以穿得貼身凸顯穿著的人的 身材。歷史照片表明，在幾十年前,在它們還沒有成為時尚之前,牛仔褲一般穿得很寬松,像沒有圍 裙上部的圍裙工裝褲。事實上，在1960年以前,利瓦伊·斯特勞斯一直將他的旗艦產品命名為“齊 腰工裝褲”而不是“牛仔褲”。
