評論
打印
If you are not in a safe environment
如果你身處的環(huán)境不安全
the last thing you want to do from a survival perspective
那么從生存的角度來看
is lose your vigilance
你最不應(yīng)該喪失的就是警覺性
It makes sense that vigilance and threat
因此這就可以解釋
and perceived threat should interfere with sleep because of this
警覺性和威脅 以及意識到的威脅 都會干擾到睡眠
If you think this from a human evolutionary point of view
如果你從人類進化的角度來看
not with modern houses and locked doors and alarms
不要考慮到現(xiàn)代的房屋 有上鎖的門和警報器等
but rather the evolutionary conditions
而是從進化的角度來看
within which our sleep evolved
人類的睡眠環(huán)境
it's quite compelling to think about the situation
思考一下這種環(huán)境很有意思
because in stage 4 sleep
因為在第四階段的睡眠期
we are completely unresponsive
我們對外界完全失去的反應(yīng)
particularly young people
特別是年輕人
In REM sleep we lose muscle tone
在快速眼動期 我們失去了肌張力
we can't sleep in trees
我們無法在樹上睡覺
Human ancestral environment was
人類祖先的生存環(huán)境中
filled with nocturnal hunting carnivores
到處都是夜間捕食的食肉動物
that make the modern surrounding look like a safe place.
現(xiàn)代的居住環(huán)境看起來要安全得多
Yet there is no evidence of physically safe sleep sites
但從人類學(xué)證據(jù)的角度來看
from anthropological record
根本不存在物理上安全的睡覺場所
The point here is that human sleep and human stress
這里需要注意到是 人類的睡眠和人類壓力
evolved in social construct terms
是一個在社會環(huán)境下不斷發(fā)展的概念
It's as Robert Posky has made clear
正如羅伯特帕斯齊
in a lot of his work with
在很多研究中明確指出的那樣
all the baboons and other social primates
他對所有的狒狒和社會性靈長類動物進行了研究
that the real stress isn't elaborate approach
發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的壓力并不是
to the tree of baboons
接近一棵全是狒狒的樹木
because it's not gonna attack a tree of baboons
因為誰都無法襲擊滿樹的狒狒
The real stress isn't doing dangerous things
真正的壓力也不是
like driving 70 miles an hour in the interstate
在州際高速公路上以每小時70英里的速度開車
which is physically dangerous
這些都屬于具有物理危險性的活動
the real stress is social evaluation or social rejection
真正的壓力是社會評價 或者社會排斥
because an alone primate is dead primate
因為一個獨自行動的靈長類動物必死無疑
This tendency to find social threats
物種的這種發(fā)現(xiàn)社會威脅的能力
so deeply vigilance enhancing and sleep interfering
提高了物種的警覺性影響了它們的睡眠
is a part of the framework for thinking
而這正是研究睡眠和壓力之間關(guān)系時
about the interaction between sleep and stress
必須考慮到的宏觀框架
But my point is those have important developmental implications
我認為這些問題對物種的發(fā)育具有重要的意義
Infants don't need to worry much about vigilance
嬰兒不需要什么警覺性
until the age they start to crawl
直到他們學(xué)會了爬行
and then they have the beginnings of this
他們才漸漸開始有了警覺性
That's when they start having the suppression
而這個時候他們也開始出現(xiàn)了壓抑感
and anxiety and their night waking go up
焦慮感 他們夜間醒來的次數(shù)也開始增多
