評(píng)論
打印
But finally, some cities and some peoples like the Samnites, didn't get much of anything at all,
但是最后，一些城市和人，例如薩謨奈人什么都沒(méi)得到
merely the right to pay Roman taxes,
只有交稅的義務(wù)
and to provide soldiers for the Roman's wars.
以及在羅馬打仗時(shí)提供士兵
This category of cities often remained
這一類(lèi)城市通常都在
under the control of the traditional local elites with,
當(dāng)?shù)鼐⒌目刂葡?/p>
of course, a certain amount of Roman supervision.
當(dāng)然，羅馬也進(jìn)行一定監(jiān)督
This greatly pleased the local elites, who became Romanized pretty quickly.
這一點(diǎn)大大取悅了當(dāng)?shù)鼐⑺麄兒芸炀捅涣_馬同化了
It didn't so much please the local plebeians or proletarians.
但是當(dāng)?shù)氐钠矫窬蜎](méi)有那么高興了
From time to time, some forward thinking Roman politician would come up with
羅馬政治家會(huì)不時(shí)提出一些超前的想法
some sort of plan for creating some kind of common Roman citizenship,
機(jī)會(huì)者創(chuàng)立普通公民的公民身份
and having it go throughout Italy.
并在全意大利實(shí)行
But ideas of this sort tended to get very dangerous to the men who had them.
但是這種想法對(duì)提出看法的人非常危險(xiǎn)
Under the Roman client-patron system,
在羅馬主從制度下
any city receiving full Roman citizenship in this way would automatically become the client
任何這樣獲得完整羅馬公民權(quán)的人當(dāng)回自動(dòng)成為
of whichever Roman politician had gotten citizenship for them.
給予他們公民權(quán)的政治家的救濟(jì)對(duì)象
Such an individual power of course,
這樣，個(gè)人權(quán)利
would fly in the face of the mos maiorum.
將會(huì)站在傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)面
Eventually, the Romans preferred to fight the bloody
最終，羅馬人更喜歡
and stupid social war of 91 to 88 BC,
公元前91到88年的血腥愚蠢戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
rather than grant citizenship to all Italy.
而不是在全意大利推行公民權(quán)
Only the prospect of the war in the east made the Romans give in. But that is another story.
只有攻防的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)景象讓羅馬人屈服但這是另一個(gè)故事了
Segment 7e: Conclusions.
7e 結(jié)論
One, Dad's the boss.
第一，爸爸是老板
Roman society is the Roman family writ large.
羅馬社會(huì)中常見(jiàn)的家庭
Pater familias, patria potestas, patricians, patres Jupiter;
家父擁有家父權(quán)貴族，元老，朱庇特
the base part, meaning father is present in the name and/or title of each of Rome's most important authority figures.
這是基礎(chǔ)，意思是父親以羅馬最重要，最有權(quán)威的人的名義，對(duì)家庭成員擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)力
Even though the Romans were proudly democratic after 509 BC or when they really did, whenever they really did kick out the last king,
盡管公元509年之后或者驅(qū)逐了最后一位國(guó)王以后羅馬實(shí)行民主制
their society was based on a nuclear family, a base family, in which the father exercised absolute power, including that of life or death.
社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)的核心家庭基本家庭，在家里父親有絕對(duì)的權(quán)力，包括生死
The republic's annual elections and collegial magistracies were designed to make one-man rule impossible.
羅馬共和國(guó)每年選舉以及行政長(zhǎng)官這樣就杜絕了一人統(tǒng)治的可能性
The tensions between democracy and patriarchy were too strong to go away, and they too wound up rising up to defeat Rome in the end.
民主和父權(quán)制的沖突非常激烈，無(wú)法消除最后導(dǎo)致了羅馬最后的失敗
Two, One people, one religion.
二，一個(gè)民族有一個(gè)宗教
For all of its silliness and lack of what we would consider spiritual content,
盡管存在種種缺陷以及精神內(nèi)涵
the Roman state religion still helped bring the Roman people together.
羅馬國(guó)教依然幫助團(tuán)結(jié)羅馬民眾
In the first place, worship of the old-timey agricultural gods and household gods like the Lares and Penates, or dear or Sterculius, the poop god, never stopped.
首先對(duì)舊時(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)神和家神的崇拜例如拉瑞斯和珀那忒斯或者糞神斯忒耳枯利烏斯，對(duì)他們的崇拜從未停止
Assimilation of Roman deities such as Jupiter,
羅馬神靈被同化，例如朱庇特
Juno and Mars with Greek deities such as Zeus, Hera and Ares actually added to the awe and respect factor of the Roman state religion.
朱諾和馬爾斯和宙斯，赫拉，阿瑞斯同化這增加了對(duì)羅馬國(guó)教的敬畏和尊敬
The Romans could also believe that their religion gained vitality by literally absorbing the gods,
羅馬人相信他們的宗教通過(guò)在數(shù)年的征戰(zhàn)中
goddesses and religious cults of the cities it conquered over the years.
吸納別地的神和宗教崇拜而獲得活力
