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The Roman senate, and people alike, wanted to ensure that there would be no more Hannibals.
羅馬的議院和人民都想確保境內沒有更多的迦太基人
This, in turn, caused Rome to make pre-emptive wars upon eastern cities and states, hitting the eastern powers before they had a chance to hit Rome.
而這反過來，也會使羅馬先發制人向東部城市和國家發起戰爭，打擊東部強國在他們有機會攻打羅馬之前率先出手
And they even hit some cities
他們甚至攻打了一些城市
and states which posed no threat whatsoever.
但卻沒有帶來任何威脅
Segment eight B; Evil Empires.
第二部分，罪惡的帝國
As long as there have been superpowers
只要有強國的存在
there have also been evil empires.
必然會有罪惡的帝國
The American term, evil empire, comes from the nineteen seventy-seven classic Star Wars, in which the plucky rebels save the universe from the tyrannical galactic empire and its evil minions.
美國的這種說法"罪惡的帝國"來自1977年經典的星球大戰在電影中，勇敢的叛軍拯救宇宙使其免受獨裁銀河大國與其罪惡奴才的統治
Even though the bad guys of the galactic empire speak with British accents the concept is basically warmed-over cold war.
盡管影片里銀河帝國的壞人操著一口英音這一概念在冷戰時期才被重提
The plot of Star Wars intentionally recalls plucky Americans trying to save the world from the tyrannical Soviet Union and its minions.
星球大戰中的情節故意提及無畏的美國人想在拯救世界免受獨裁蘇聯的影響
The plot is in fact, however, very ancient, with only the names changed.
然后，實際上這一情節非常古老只是更換了名字
The ancient Greeks had the Persians, whom they demonised as cruel, stupid barbarians.
古希臘人就與波斯人為敵把他們貶低為殘暴愚蠢的野蠻人
And, the ancient Romans had the Carthaginians.
而古羅馬人則與迦太基人對峙
Even though Rome soundly defeated Carthage in the second Punic War, which ended in two zero one BC,
盡管羅馬大勝迦太基贏得第二次布匿戰爭的勝利這場戰役在公元前201年走向尾聲
and even though Rome provoked a third Punic war,
盡管羅馬還發起第三次布匿戰爭
ending with the obliteration of Carthage in one forty six BC, little Roman kids were terrified for centuries afterwards y the single phrase,
最后消滅了迦太基那是在公元前146年，羅馬小孩感動恐懼在幾年百后仍然如此
Hannibal ad portas, Hannibal is at the doors.
漢尼拔打上門來，漢尼拔人打上門來
Over the years it became just a saying about a bogeyman who would show up
多年來，這成為一種說法扮成鬼怪的男人
at a Roman kid's door with his elephants.
帶著大象出現在羅馬小孩家門前
But in Hannibal's own day, Hannibal ad portas stood for the Roman's genuine terror that their nation was on the ropes, as indeed it was.
但漢尼拔時期，漢尼拔打上門來它代表著羅馬人真正的恐懼他們的國家如履薄冰
The seaport of Carthage was founded in eight fourteen BC.
迦太基海港建立于公元前814年
It was one of several Phoenician trading colonies founded in the western Mediterranean.
那也是腓尼基人幾大貿易殖民地之一它建立在地中海西部
In fact, the name Carthage basically means new city in Phoenician. Today we know this ancient empire as Carthage and its people as the Carthaginians, but the Roman word for Phoenicians is Poenicus,
事實上，迦太基的意思就是腓太基新城我們現在知道這些古老的帝國迦太基還有迦太基人民，但羅馬語中腓太基的名稱是Poenicus
leading to the terms Punic Wars for Rome's wars against Carthage. As long as Rome's and Carthage's interests didn't clash they were actually quite friendly.
這也就導致了布匿戰爭只要羅馬與迦太基的利益不沖突它們仍可以友好相處
In five zero nine BC Carthage signed a treaty with the infant Roman Republic,
在公元前509年，迦太基簽訂條約與剛成立不久的羅馬共和國
pledging peace and commercial cooperation.
請求和平與商業合作
The treaty was renewed in three zero six BC
這份條約在公元前306年得以更新
and two seventy eight BC,
在公元前278年又一次更新
when Carthage and Rome agreed not to deal independently with King Pyrrhus.
那時羅馬與迦太基達成共識不再單獨與希臘的斯大王交往
Because Carthage's strategic location let it dominate all trade passing below the southern tip of Italy
因為迦太基的戰略性地位使它可以主導所有意大利南端的貿易通道
Carthage developed a mighty navy, which enabled it to develop troops, usually mercenaries, to any point in the western Mediterranean.
迦太基組建起壯大的海軍這可以使它進一步擴充軍隊往往是雇用兵，他們分布在地中海西部地區
They wanted to own the ships and hire the soldiers.
他們想擁有自己的船只和士兵
