評(píng)論
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So research has shown,
有研究顯示，
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
那些每天消費(fèi)兩美金以下的人--
one metric of poverty --
這絕對(duì)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貧困人群--
two percent of that take-home pay
他們百分之二的收入
goes to this basket here, in education.
用于這個(gè)籃子，教育。
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
百分之二十進(jìn)了這個(gè)籃子，
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
酒精，煙草，含糖飲料
and prostitution and festivals.
嫖妓，和節(jié)慶。
If you just take four percentage points
如果僅把百分之四
and put it into this basket,
放在這個(gè)籃子里，
you would have a transformative effect.
相信會(huì)是一次質(zhì)變。
The last reason has to do
最后一個(gè)原因，
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
女性絕非社會(huì)問題，反而是解決方案的一部分。
You need to use scarce resources.
你必須使用稀缺資源。
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
不給戴曼君這樣的孩子機(jī)會(huì)，絕對(duì)是資源浪費(fèi)。
Bill Gates put it very well
比爾蓋茨有段話說(shuō)的很好，
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
是關(guān)于他在沙地阿拉伯的穿越旅行。
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
他當(dāng)時(shí)面對(duì)著和你們一樣的觀眾。
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
不過，大概三分之二遠(yuǎn)處，有一排圍欄。
On this side was men,
圍欄這一邊是男人，
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
圍欄另一邊是女人。
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
然后這一邊有人站起來(lái)說(shuō)，
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
“蓋茨先生，我們沙地阿拉伯有個(gè)目標(biāo)，
to be one of the top 10 countries
就是在科技領(lǐng)域，
when it comes to technology.
成為世界上最棒的10個(gè)國(guó)家之一。
Do you think we'll make it?"
你認(rèn)為我們能做到嗎？”
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
比爾蓋茨看著這位觀眾，說(shuō)，
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
“如果你們不充分利用這個(gè)國(guó)家的另一半資源，
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
前十對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)永遠(yuǎn)遙不可及。”
So here is Bill of Arabia.
這位就是阿拉伯比爾。
So what would some of the specific challenges
那么具體來(lái)說(shuō)
look like?
又有哪些挑戰(zhàn)？
I would say, on the top of the agenda
我認(rèn)為當(dāng)前最首要的
is sex trafficking.
是非法性交易。
And I'll just say two things about this.
這一點(diǎn)我只說(shuō)兩件事。
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
奴隸制的巔峰
in the 1780s:
是在18世紀(jì)80年代。
there were about 80,000 slaves
大約有8萬(wàn)名奴隸，
transported from Africa to the New World.
從非洲被運(yùn)往新大陸。
Now, modern slavery:
今天，現(xiàn)代化奴隸制：
according to State Department rough statistics,
美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院粗略統(tǒng)計(jì)，
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
大約有80萬(wàn)人--當(dāng)時(shí)數(shù)字的10倍--
that are trafficked across international borders.
被非法販賣，穿越國(guó)境。
And that does not even include those
這甚至還不包括那些
that are trafficked within country borders,
在國(guó)境內(nèi)非法穿越的
which is a substantial portion.
大量群體。
And if you look at
如果再看看
another factor, another contrast,
另一個(gè)要素，
a slave back then is worth
過去一個(gè)奴隸的標(biāo)價(jià)
about $40,000
換算到今天
in today's money.
約為4萬(wàn)美金。
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
今天，你可以只花幾百美金
for a few hundred dollars,
買到一個(gè)女孩，
which means she's actually more disposable.
這意味著她比奴隸更不值錢。
But you know, there is progress being made
不過在柬埔寨和泰國(guó)，
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
情況已有改進(jìn)。
We don't have to expect a world
這個(gè)世界，
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
不該有女孩被買賣或殺害。
The second item on the agenda
第二重要的事，
is maternal mortality.
是母親的死亡率。
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
在美國(guó)，一個(gè)孩子的出世
is a wonderful event.
是很美妙的事。
In Niger, one in seven women
而在尼日爾（非洲中西部國(guó)家），每7個(gè)婦女中
can expect to die during childbirth.
就有1個(gè)死于難產(chǎn)。
Around the world,
在全世界，
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
每90秒就有一位準(zhǔn)媽媽死于難產(chǎn)。
You know, it's not as though
這并不只是
we don't have the technological solution,
技術(shù)問題，
but these women have three strikes against them:
而是這些女性有三個(gè)致命弱點(diǎn)：
they are poor, they are rural
貧困，閉塞，
and they are female.
還有她們是女性。
You know, for every woman who does die,
另外，每死去1名產(chǎn)婦，
there are 20 who survive
有20位能幸運(yùn)存活，
but end up with an injury.
但她們多有后遺癥。
And the most devastating injury
最殘忍的后遺癥
is obstetric fistula.
是陰道瘺管。
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
這是一種難產(chǎn)時(shí)發(fā)生的撕傷，
that leaves a woman incontinent.
會(huì)導(dǎo)致失禁。
